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. 2023 Apr 17;26(5):350–358. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad016

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 5. — (A) A heatmap showing the strain difference among Flinders Sensitive and Resistant Line rats (FSLs and FRLs, respectively) in terms of behavioral despair by depicting the immobility, struggling, and swimming pattern. Yellow represents immobility, green represents swimming, and dark purple represents struggling. (B) A heatmap exhibiting the acute antidepressant effect of S-ketamine compared with saline in FSLs relying on behavioral despair through an illustration of the immobility, struggling, and swimming patterns. Yellow represents immobility, green represents swimming, and dark purple represents struggling. (C–D) Violin plots depicting comparisons of time to immobility (TtI) in different strains and across different sexes and interventions. (E) Strain difference between FSLs and FRLs and the acute antidepressant effect of S-ketamine across different estrous cycles. Circle dots represent FSLs treated with S-ketamine, triangle dots represent FSLs treated with saline, and square dots represent FRLs treated with saline. The y-axis is the frequency of immobility (n).