Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| HPW | All PPD | Acupuncture PPD before | Acupuncture PPD after | P-valuesa | P-valuesb | P-valuesc | P-valuesd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbers | 24 | 52 | 22 | 22 | - | - | - | - |
| Age | 32.41 ± 4.26 | 32.73 ± 3.93 | 32 ± 3.92 | 32 ± 3.92 | 0.753 | 0.198 | 0.198 | - |
| Education | 16.04 ± 2.49 | 15.28 ± 2.29 | 15.72 ± 1.75 | 15.72 ± 1.75 | 0.083 | 0.297 | 0.297 | - |
| EPDS | 4.37 ± 3.24 | 15.51 ± 5.24 | 16.45± 6.09 | - | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | - |
| HAMD | 3.75 ± 1.89 | 14.09 ± 3.76 | 15.13 ± 3.57 | 8.09 ± 4.39 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
aP-values between All-PPD and HPW; bP-values between acupuncture PPD before and HPW; cP-values between acupuncture PPD after and HPW. As the education and EPDS scores were not normally distrusted, the between-group difference was performed using Mann–Whitney U-tests, whereas others used two-sample t-tests. dP-values between acupuncture PPD before and after using paired t-test. Values are means ± standard deviations. HPW, healthy postpartum women; PPD, postpartum depression; EPDS, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale; and HAMD, Hamilton depression scale.