Characterization of murine tumor model used and the immune landscape change upon iFSP1 treatment. (A‒C) In vivo HCC tumors were induced via HDTVi of plasmids carrying Keap1KO/c-MycOE (or ApcKO/c-MycOE) in C57BL/6N mice fed with HFD. (A) Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining of Keap1KO/c-MycOE HCC tumor. (B) Representative staining of FSP1 expression from ApcKO/c-MycOE or Keap1KO/c-MycOE HCC tumors at protein level by IHC staining. (C) RT-qPCR demonstrated the upregulation of Afp in tumorous (T) tissues when compared with NT liver tissues in Keap1KO/c-MycOE HCC tumor. (D) Administration of iFSP1 altered myeloid cells infiltration, including neutrophils (CD11b+ Ly6G+), monocytes (CD11b+ Ly6C+), M1 macrophages (CD11b+ F4/80+ CD86+ MHCII+), and M2 macrophages (CD11b+ F4/80+ CD206+) in HDTVi-induced HCC tumors. (E) Administration of iFSP1 increased number of T cells (CD3+) and T effector cells (CD44+ CD62L-) in HDTVi-induced HCC tumors. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, ∗∗∗P < .001 vs NT or vehicle as indicated. Student t test. A‒B: 20× magnification, scale bar = 100 μm.