Table 5.
Associations between physical activity and relative HS (categorical variable).
| Insufficient physical activity | Sufficient physical activity | Increasing one IQR of MPA | Increasing one IQR of VPA | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 128,759) | |||||||||
| Crude | Ref | 0.68 (0.65,0.70) | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | 0.89 (0.88,0.90) | |||||
| Adjusted | Ref | 0.85 (0.81,0.88) | 0.96 (0.95,0.98) | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | |||||
| Rural (n = 68,598) | |||||||||
| Crude | Ref | 0.62 (0.59, 0.66) | 0.94 (0.93,0.96) | 0.88 (0.87,0.90) | |||||
| Adjusted | Ref | 0.85 (0.80, 0.92) | 0.96 (0.94,0.99) | 0.97 (0.96,0.99) | |||||
| Urban (n = 60,161) | |||||||||
| Crude | Ref | 0.83 (0.79,0.87) | 1.01 (1.00,1.03) | 0.92 (0.91,0.93) | |||||
| Adjusted | Ref | 0.84 (0.79,0.89) | 0.96 (0.94,0.98) | 0.96 (0.95,0.97) | |||||
CI, confidence interval; HS, handgrip strength; ref, reference group; MPA, moderate-intensity leisure-time physical activity; VPA, vigorous leisure-time physical activity; NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index; OR, odds ratio. Crude Model: used only the provinces as a random effect. Adjusted Model: adjusted for age group, sex, urban and rural areas (only adjusted for urban and rural areas in the total sample), inner-province economic status, nationality, education level, career, sedentary time per week. NDVI and provinces were considered as category variable and random effect, respectively.