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. 2023 May 19;9(6):e16237. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16237

Table 4.

Learning behaviors and social interaction among different group students.

Male group (n = 7) Female group (n = 19) Mixed group (n = 18) p
Discussion behavior before class Number of words posted 591.57 (342.85) 783.89 (324.20) 631.61 (383.25) .273
Accuracy 39.071 (5.84) 39.658 (2.77) 35.333 (9.41) .193
Reflection 34.571 (5.80) 37.737 (4.21) 33.917 (9.83) .092
Total score of posts 73.643 (8.90) 77.395 (6.56) 69.250 (18.42) .028
Behavior in class Observation 7.21 (7.41) 8.58 (8.89) 7.08 (6.56) .920
Listening 7.79 (4.88) 21.87 (15.18) 8.83 (7.71) .010
Talking 8.71 (6.58) 24.32 (17.83) 11.75 (8.82) .020
Exploring 76.93 (8.42) 70.63 (21.12) 66.25 (24.47) .632
Integrating 6.93 (6.17) 23.47 (14.13) 11.72 (10.63) .006
leading 1.00 (1.15) 0.16 (0.50) 0.64 (1.47) .052
Irrelevant discussion 3.96 (3.41) 2.95 (4.25) 2.33 (4.12) .085
Irrelevant behavior 11.21 (7.43) 3.11 (5.51) 15.03 (27.95) .010
Absent-mindedness 1.71 (2.80) 0.24 (0.39) 0.22 (0.60) .325
Interference behavior 0.14 (0.38) 0.24 (0.42) 0.00 (0.00) .072
Interaction in class Verbal interaction 15.57 (8.12) 29.21 (17.34) 11.79 (9.20) .006
Non-verbal interaction 5.79 (3.20) 0.66 (1.36) 1.60 (1.80) .000
Discussion behavior after class Number of words posted 85.29 (114.73) 465.05 (151.64) 312.33 (163.87) .000
Total score of posts 28.214 (35.27) 79.211 (2.91) 68.194 (25.08) .000
Accuracy 14.071 (17.590) 40.158 (1.81) 34.111 (12.55) .000
Reflection 14.143 (17.690) 39.053 (1.43) 34.083 (12.55) .000