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. 2023 May 18;9(6):e16351. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16351

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Effect of different concentrations of (0.1%–1%) caffeine on plant germination (PG), plant survival (PS) and pollen fertility (PF) (Mean ± SE) (n = 5).