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. 2023 May 31;13:8797. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34537-6

Table 4.

Comparing the Greenness profile for the proposed spectrophotometric method and the reported RP-HPLC 8 and LC–MS/MS7 methods.

Method/green metrics Analytical ECO scale Hazards and penalty points NEMI GABI
Proposed spectrophotometric method Reagent graphic file with name 41598_2023_34537_Figa_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41598_2023_34537_Figb_HTML.gif
Water 0
Instruments
UV–Vis spectrophotometry 0
Occupational hazard 0
Waste 6
Total penalty points ∑ 6
Eco scale 94
Reported RP-HPLCa Reagent graphic file with name 41598_2023_34537_Figc_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41598_2023_34537_Figd_HTML.gif
Acetonitrile 8
Water 0
Instruments
HPLC 0
Occupational hazard 0
Waste 6
Total penalty points ∑ 14
Eco scale 86
Reported LC–MS/MSb Reagent graphic file with name 41598_2023_34537_Fige_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41598_2023_34537_Figf_HTML.gif
Acetonitrile 8
Ammonium acetate 3
Acetic acid 2
Instruments
LC–MS 1.5
Occupational hazard 0
Waste 6
Total penalty points ∑ 20.5
Eco scale 79.5

a HPLC method using a C18 column, water: acetonitrile (80:20) as mobile phase, and UV-detection at 240 nm.

b LC–MS/MS method using a C18 column, with gradient elution of 1 mM Ammonium acetate in water (pH4.3) and 1 mM Ammonium acetate in acetonitrile.