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The membrane permeability and morphology of S. aureus induced by the GHa4R were detected. The real-time growth of the bacteria treated by (A) GHa and (B) GHa4R was monitored. The membrane permeability of (C) GHa and (D) GHa4R was analyzed by using fluorescence spectrometry. The morphology of S. aureus treated in the (E) absence and presence of (F) GHa4R was observed by using SEM. The arrows indicate the changes induced by GHa4R in cell morphology.
