Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics Overall and based on Child TSE Group Membership, NHANES 2013-2016
| Overall | TSE Groupa |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEG | TEG | MEG | p-value | ||
|
|
|||||
| (N=4,485) | (n=3,369) | (n=701) | (n=415) | ||
|
| |||||
| Characteristic | n (% [95%CI])b | n (% [95%CI])b | n (% [95%CI])b | n (% [95%CI])b | |
| Child Age, M (SE) | 10.5 (0.01) | 10.5 (0.01) | 10.4 (0.03) | 10.6 (0.07) | 0.698 |
| Child Sex | 0.826 | ||||
| Male | 2,297 (51 [49-53]) | 1,724 (51 [49-54]) | 355 (51 [46-55]) | 218 (52 [46-58]) | |
| Female | 2,188 (49 [47-51]) | 1,645 (49 [47-51]) | 346 (49 [45-54]) | 197 (48 [42-54]) | |
| Child Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1,157 (51 [49-53]) | 826 (50 [49-53]) | 212 (53 [49-57]) | 119 (50 [44-56]) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1,068 (14 [13-15]) | 700 (12 [11-13]) | 163 (13 [11-15]) | 205 (31 [26-36]) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other/Multiracial | 663 (10 [9-11]) | 523 (10 [9-11]) | 112 (12 [10-15]) | 28 (6 [3-9]) | |
| Hispanic | 1,597 (25 [24-27]) | 1,320 (28 [26-29]) | 214 (22 [19-25]) | 63 (13 [10-16]) | |
| Caregiver Age, M (SE) | 41.3 (0.03) | 41.5 (0.04) | 40.4 (0.19) | 40.9 (0.43) | 0.002 |
| Caregiver Sex | <0.001 | ||||
| Male | 2,032 (50 [48-52]) | 1,606 (52 [50-54]) | 289 (45 [40-50]) | 137 (42 [36-48]) | |
| Female | 2,453 (50 [48-52]) | 1,763 (48 [46-50]) | 412 (55 [51-60]) | 278 (58 [52-64]) | |
| Caregiver Education Level | <0.001 | ||||
| ≤High school graduate/equivalent | 2,071 (40 [38-47]) | 1,472 (36 [34-38]) | 358 (47 [42-51]) | 241 (60 [54-66]) | |
| Some college | 1,386 (33 [31-35]) | 992 (31 [29-33]) | 239 (38 [34-43]) | 155 (36 [30-42]) | |
| ≥College graduate | 917 (27 [26-29]) | 819 (33 [30-35]) | 83 (15 [11-18]) | 15 (4 [1-6]) | |
| FPLc | <0.001 | ||||
| <185% | 2,496 (43 [42-45]) | 1,757 (40 [38-42]) | 405 (47 [43-52]) | 334 (72 [65-78]) | |
| 185-349% | 900 (25 [23-27]) | 688 (25 [23-27]) | 156 (28 [24-33]) | 56 (19 [13-25]) | |
| ≥350% | 804 (27 [25-28]) | 697 (30 [28-33]) | 92 (19 [14-23]) | 15 (7 [3-12]) | |
| Unspecified | 285 (5 [4-6]) | 227 (5 [4-6]) | 48 (6 [4-8]) | 10 (2 [1-3]) | |
| No. Household Members, M (SE) | 4.8 (0.01) | 4.7 (0.01) | 4.9 (0.01) | 4.5 (0.01) | 0.002 |
| No. Child Household Members | 0.002 | ||||
| 1 child | 696 (17 [16-19]) | 507 (17 [15-18]) | 113 (19 [15-23]) | 76 (23 [17-29]) | |
| 2 children | 1,415 (35 [33-36]) | 1,117 (36 [34-38]) | 192 (29 [25-33]) | 106 (34 [28-41]) | |
| ≥3 children | 2,374 (48 [46-50]) | 1,745 (47 [45-50]) | 396 (52 [48-57]) | 233 (43 [37-49]) | |
| Family Home Ownership Status | <0.001 | ||||
| Owns Home/Being Bought | 2,291 (61 [59-63]) | 1,823 (65 [63-67]) | 324 (51 [46-55]) | 144 (46.4 [40-53]) | |
| Rents Home/Other Arrangement | 2,184 (39 [37-41]) | 1,536 (35 [34-37]) | 377 (49 [45-54]) | 271 (53.6 [47-60]) | |
| No. Household Rooms, M (SE) | 6.7 (0.01) | 6.9 (0.01) | 6.4 (0.01) | 6.0 (0.02) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: TSE, tobacco smoke exposure; NEG, no/minimal TSE group; TEG, predominant thirdhand smoke exposure group; MEG, mixed secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure group; CI, confidence interval; FPL, federal poverty level.
TSE group membership was determined using questionnaire data only. Serum cotinine levels were assessed to biochemically confirm NEG had no/minimal cotinine levels.
n (% [95%CI]) refers to unweighted count and weighted column percent and 95%CIs unless noted otherwise.
FPL is the ratio of family income to annual poverty thresholds that accounts for family size and geographic location to determine financial eligibility of federal programming.