Table 3.
Biomarker and Biomarker Ratio Levels Overall and based on Child TSE Group Membership, NHANES 2013-2016
| Biomarker Variable | n (%)a | Overall | TSE Group Membership |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEG | TEG | MEG | |||
|
| |||||
| GeoM (95%CI) | GeoM (95%CI) | GeoM (95%CI) | GeoM (95%CI) | ||
| Serum Nicotine Metabolites | |||||
| Serum Cotinine (ng/mL) | 4,485 (100) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.11 (0.10, 0.13) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) |
| Serum Hydroxycotinine (ng/mL) | 4,485 (100) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.05) | 0.29 (0.25, 0.34) |
| Urinary Nicotine Metabolites | |||||
| Urinary TNE2 (nmol/mL) | 3,048 (68) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.15 (0.11, 0.20) |
| Urinary TSNAs | |||||
| NNAL (pg/mL) | 2,636 (59) | 1.45 (1.35, 1.55) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 2.17 (1.78, 2.65) | 11.36 (9.18, 14.04) |
| NNAL/TNE2 | 3,910 (87) | 164.87 (160.90, 168.93) | 210.29 (203.66, 217.14) | 107.14 (85.63, 134.06) | 69.82 (64.77, 75.26) |
| Urinary PAHs | |||||
| 2-Hydroxyfluorene (ng/L) | 2,996 (67) | 131.25 (126.28, 138.51) | 129.59 (122.99, 136.54) | 121.05 (106.70, 137.33) | 177.60 (153.23, 205.83) |
| 3-Hydroxyfluorene (ng/L) | 2,996 (67) | 62.87 (59.95, 65.93) | 61.41 (58.19, 64.80) | 56.58 (49.79, 64.29) | 88.87 (76.23, 103.61) |
| 2-Hydroxyfluorene/TNE2 | 3,048 (68) | 16,034.02 (15,748.03, 16,235.20) | 27,654.98 (27,198.56, 28,119.06) | 5,619.66 (5,077.46, 6,219.76) | 1,020.68 (878.98, 1185.23) |
| 3-Hydroxyfluorene/TNE2 | 3,048 (68) | 7,547.62 (7,413.08, 7,684.61) | 13,048.17 (12,833.79, 13,266.14) | 2,583.34 (2,347.40, 2,842.98) | 490.87 (417.23, 577.51) |
| Urinary VOCs | |||||
| 2CyEMA (ng/mL) | 3,018 (67) | 1.28 (1.22, 1.36) | 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) | 1.35 (1.17, 1.57) | 3.69 (3.02, 4.51) |
| 2CyEMA/TNE2 | 3,060 (68) | 154.47 (152.06, 156.92) | 240.61 (236.68, 244.62) | 60.15 (55.05, 65.73) | 20.13 (17.49, 23.16) |
Abbreviations: TSE, tobacco smoke exposure; NEG, no/minimal TSE group; TEG, predominant thirdhand smoke exposure group; MEG, mixed secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure group; GeoM, geometric mean; CI, confidence interval; TNE2, total nicotine equivalents 2; TSNAs, tobacco-specific nitrosamines; NNAL, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; VOCs, volatile organic compounds; 2CyEMA, N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine.
a
n (%) refers to the unweighted count and weighted row percent of the imputed value.