Table 2.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios for the relationship between quality ANC and LBW
| Variables | Low birth weight | Low birth weight |
|---|---|---|
| cOR 95%CI | aOR 95%CI | |
| Quality ANC | ||
| low | ref | |
| high | 0.80(0.56,1.13) | 0.67(0.43,1.05) |
| Community level factors | ||
| Type of residence | ||
| urban | ref | |
| rural | 1.02(0.79,1.33) | -- |
| Water sources | ||
| improved | ref | |
| unimproved | 1.03(0.85,1.24) | --- |
| Socio-economic&demographic factors | ||
| Maternal education | ||
| no education | ref | |
| primary | 1.14(0.90,1.44) | -- |
| secondary&higher | 0.98(0.72,1.33) | |
| Married/partnered | ||
| no | ref | |
| yes | 0.78(0.65,0.94) | 0.86(0.68,1.09) |
| Access to media | ||
| not at all | ref | |
| less than once a week | 0.89(0.70,1.14) | 1.05(0.74,1.48) |
| at least once a week | 0.80(0.64,0.99) | 1.02(0.73,1.42) |
| Wealth index | ||
| poor | ref | |
| middle | 0.92(0.75,1.14) | 0.82(0.62,1.09) |
| rich | 0.69(0.57,0.83) | 0.71(0.55,0.91)*** |
| Cooking fuel | ||
| solid fuel | ref | |
| non-solid fuel | 1.16(0.94,1.44) | 0.96(0.71,1.29) |
| Individual level factors | ||
| Maternal age | ||
| 15-19 | ref | |
| 20-34 | 0.55(0.37,0.83) | 1.02(0.59,1.76) |
| 35-49 | 0.49(0.33,0.74) | 1.32(0.70,2.47) |
| Birth order | ||
| 1st | ref | |
| 2nd-3rd | 0.55(0.45,0.68) | 0.63(0.49,0.82)*** |
| 4th and above | 0.47(0.39,0.57) | 0.44(0.32,0.61)*** |
| Preceding birth interval | ||
| < 24months | ref | |
| >=24months | 1.32(1.03,1.68) | 1.04(0.76,1.41) |
| Maternal smoking status | ||
| no | ref | |
| yes | 1.58(0.76,3.30) | --- |
| Maternal BMI | ||
| underweight | ref | |
| normal | 0.93(0.79,1.09) | --- |
| Sex of newborn | ||
| male | ref | |
| female | 1.48(1.26,1.74) | 1.43(1.18,1.73)*** |
| Health service factor | ||
| Iron supplementation | ||
| no | ref | |
| yes | 1.05(0.87,1.27) | --- |
| Received anti-malarial treatment | ||
| no | ref | |
| yes | 1.28(0.99,1.65) | 1.29(0.99,1.67) |
*p<0.05
** p<0.01
***p<0.001 -denotes not considered