Table 1.
Predictors for the adequate uptake of IPTp-SP (≥4 doses) during pregnancy in Zambia
| Variable | n (weighted) | n (%) | cOR | 95% CI | P value | aOR | 95% CI | P value |
| Overall | 1163 | 87 (7.5) | ||||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 15–24 | 542 | 46 (8.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 25–34 | 441 | 31 (7.0) | 0.67 | 0.37 to 1.21 | 0.181 | 0.54 | 0.26 to 1.08 | 0.083 |
| 35+ | 180 | 10 (5.5) | 0.58 | 0.24 to 1.35 | 0.202 | 0.58 | 0.23 to 1.51 | 0.266 |
| Education level† | ||||||||
| Primary | 542 | 50 (9.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Secondary+ | 396 | 18 (4.6) | 0.30 | 0.15 to 0.61 | 0.001* | 0.55 | 0.27 to 1.11 | 0.093 |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 927 | 70 (7.6) | 1.00 | |||||
| Urban | 219 | 17 (7.2) | 0.22 | 0.11 to 0.44 | <0.001* | |||
| Province | ||||||||
| Copperbelt | 44 | 2 (4.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Central | 89 | 3 (3.4) | 2.15 | 0.28 to 16.78 | 0.463 | 2.03 | 0.27 to 15.48 | 0.493 |
| Eastern | 210 | 11 (5.2) | 1.72 | 0.32 to 9.35 | 0.528 | 1.15 | 0.19 to 7.00 | 0.878 |
| Luapula | 196 | 36 (18.4) | 13.57 | 2.98 to 61.77 | 0.001* | 8.72 | 1.72 to 44.26 | 0.009* |
| Lusaka | 70 | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Muchinga | 83 | 13 (15.7) | 11.50 | 2.32 to 56.95 | 0.003* | 6.67 | 1.19 to 37.47 | 0.031* |
| North-Western | 84 | 4 (4.8) | 2.32 | 0.38 to 14.08 | 0.359 | 2.08 | 0.32 to 13.34 | 0.441 |
| Northern | 111 | 16 (14.4) | 8.94 | 1.86 to 42.87 | 0.006 | 4.13 | 0.73 to 23.42 | 0.109 |
| Southern | 80 | 1 (1.3) | 0.82 | 0.07 to 9.59 | 0.873 | 1.40 | 0.11 to 17.90 | 0.794 |
| Western | 196 | 1 (0.5) | 0.53 | 0.05 to 6.13 | 0.608 | – | – | – |
| Wealth tertile | ||||||||
| Low | 438 | 50 (11.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Middle | 259 | 16 (6.2) | 0.35 | 0.17 to 0.72 | 0.005* | 0.52 | 0.19 to 1.45 | 0.212 |
| High | 466 | 21 (4.5) | 0.10 | 0.10 to 0.20 | <0.001* | 0.32 | 0.13 to 0.79 | 0.014* |
| Exposure to media messages | ||||||||
| No | 607 | 54 (8.9) | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 556 | 33 (5.9) | 0.49 | 0.28 to 0.85 | 0.011* | |||
| Knowledge about malaria prevention† | ||||||||
| Not knowledgeable | 180 | 22 (12.2) | 1.00 | |||||
| Knowledgeable | 920 | 60 (6.5) | 0.44 | 0.23 to 0.86 | 0.016* |
Note: AIC, BIC and pseudo-R2 are 417.7, 490.2 and 0.09 for the reduced model, and 436.7, 496.3 and 0.08 for the model which included all the variables (full model) in the table, respectively.
*Significant at 5% level.
†The observations do not add up to the overall sample because the variables have missing values.
AIC, Akaike’s Information Criteria; aOR, adjusted OR; BIC, Bayesian Information Criteria; cOR, crude OR.