Table 1.
Regression predicting depression trajectories in the age group in their 20s
| MCS N=2549 | R2 | RC change | F | B | SE | ß | T | P value | CIlow | CIup |
| Model 1 | 0.07 | 5.42*** | ||||||||
| (Constant) | 0.06 | 0.01 | 4.22 | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.09 | ||||
| Gender | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 1.65 | 0.099 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |||
| Financial difficulty | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.96 | 0.338 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |||
| Compliance with social distancing | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.04 | −1.18 | 0.238 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| Positive COVID-19 test | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.03 | −0.82 | 0.414 | −0.02 | 0.01 | |||
| Ever shield | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.925 | −0.02 | 0.02 | |||
| Long-term ill | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 5.80 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.03 | |||
| Keyworker | −0.01 | 0.00 | −0.06 | −1.81 | 0.071 | −0.02 | 0.00 | |||
| Pregnant | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.03 | −0.95 | 0.340 | −0.06 | 0.02 | |||
| Outdoor space | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.05 | −1.71 | 0.087 | −0.02 | 0.00 | |||
| No of rooms | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.05 | −1.37 | 0.172 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| N people in household | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.05 | −1.45 | 0.146 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| Lives with partner | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 1.17 | 0.241 | −0.01 | 0.03 | |||
| Has a partner | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.532 | −0.01 | 0.01 | |||
| Model 2 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 12.95*** | |||||||
| (Constant) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.62 | 0.106 | −0.01 | 0.07 | ||||
| Gender | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 1.17 | 0.243 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |||
| Compliance with social distancing | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.709 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| Financial difficulty | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.04 | −1.28 | 0.202 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| Positive COVID-19 test | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.02 | −0.74 | 0.457 | −0.01 | 0.01 | |||
| Ever shield | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.957 | −0.02 | 0.02 | |||
| Long-term ill | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 4.02 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.02 | |||
| Keyworker | −0.01 | 0.00 | −0.07 | −2.25 | 0.025 | −0.02 | 0.00 | |||
| Pregnant | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02 | −0.57 | 0.566 | −0.05 | 0.03 | |||
| Outdoor space | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.06 | −1.95 | 0.051 | −0.02 | 0.00 | |||
| No of rooms | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.06 | −1.84 | 0.067 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| N people in household | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.22 | 0.828 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| Lives with partner | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.787 | −0.01 | 0.02 | |||
| Has a partner | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 1.62 | 0.106 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |||
| Loneliness intercept | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 3.53 | <0.001 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |||
| Loneliness slope | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.31 | 10.46 | <0.001 | 0.06 | 0.09 | |||
| Prepandemic depression | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.699 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| Prepandemic mental well-being | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.16 | 0.871 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Linear regression models predicting depression trajectories in MSC members show that long-term illness, higher loneliness at the start of the pandemic (intercept), and an increase in loneliness across the pandemic (slope), were associated with an increase in depression symptoms across the pandemic.
*** = p < .001
MSC, Millennium Cohort Study.