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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 31.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Psychiatry. 2022 Sep 20;27(11):4642–4652. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01736-y

Fig. 3. Spironolactone decreased operant alcohol self-administration in alcohol-dependent (DEP) and nondependent (NON) rats.

Fig. 3

A Spironolactone administration decreased alcohol self-administration in nondependent and alcohol-dependent male rats tested under a fixed-ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. ****p < 0.0001, vs. vehicle. ####p < 0.0001, vs. NON. Nondependent: n = 12; Dependent: n = 12. B Alcohol-induced ataxia was higher in nondependent than dependent male rats; spironolactone did not affect alcohol-induced ataxia in either group. **p < 0.01, difference between dependent and nondependent male rats. Nondependent: n = 15; Dependent: n = 9. C Spironolactone had no effect on blood alcohol levels 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after systemic administration of alcohol (1.5 g/kg) in male rats. Nondependent: n = 15; dependent: n = 9. D Spironolactone administration decreased alcohol self-administration in nondependent and alcohol-dependent female rats tested under a fixed-ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001, vs. vehicle. ####p < 0.0001, vs. NON. Nondependent: n = 7; Dependent: n = 8.