. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 31.

Published in final edited form as: Mol Psychiatry. 2022 Sep 20;27(11):4642–4652. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01736-y

Table 3.

Estimated average pre- and post-index date AUDIT-C scores and Diff-in-Diff, overall, by baseline AUDIT-C score, and by average daily dose of spironolactone.

		Exposed	Unexposed
		n = 10,726	n = 34,461
All patients	Pre	3.07 (0.02)	2.96 (0.01)
	Post	2.16 (0.02)	2.22 (0.01)
	Dⁿ	−0.91 (0.03)	−0.75 (0.02)
	Diff-in-Diff (95% CI)	−0.17 (−0.09, −0.25), p < 0.0001
By baseline AUDIT-C score
1–3		n = 7362	n = 24,098
	Pre	1.64 (0.02)	1.62 (0.01)
	Post	1.46 (0.02)	1.52 (0.01)
	Dⁿ	−0.18 (0.03)	−0.11 (0.02)
	Diff-in-Diff (95% CI)	−0.07 (−0.01, −0.14), p = 0.0231
4–7		n = 2439	n = 7701
	Pre	4.85 (0.04)	4.83 (0.02)
	Post	3.29 (0.04)	3.39 (0.02)
	Dⁿ	−1.56 (0.05)	−1.43 (0.03)
	Diff-in-Diff (95% CI)	−0.13 (−0.02, −0.24), p = 0.0221
≥8		n = 925	n = 2662
	Pre	9.72 (0.06)	9.70 (0.03)
	Post	4.68 (0.06)	5.13 (0.03)
	Dⁿ	−5.04 (0.08)	−4.57 (0.05)
	Diff-in-Diff (95% CI)	−0.47 (−0.29, −0.66), p < 0.0001
By average dose of spironolactone (mg/day)
<25		n = 2640	n = 34,461
	Pre	3.00 (0.03)	2.96 (0.01)
	Post	2.16 (0.03)	2.22 (0.01)
	Dⁿ	−0.84 (0.05)	−0.75 (0.02)
	Diff-in-Diff (95% CI)	−0.09 (0.01, −0.19), p = 0.0658
25–49		n = 6110	n = 34,461
	Pre	2.98 (0.04)	2.96 (0.01)
	Post	2.15 (0.04)	2.22 (0.01)
	Dⁿ	−0.83 (0.06)	−0.75 (0.02)
	Diff-in-Diff (95% CI)	−0.08 (0.05, −0.21), p = 0.2140
≥50		n = 1976	n = 34,461
	Pre	3.61 (0.07)	2.96 (0.01)
	Post	2.17 (0.07)	2.22 (0.01)
	Dⁿ	−1.44 (0.10)	−0.75 (0.02)
	Diff-in-Diff (95% CI)	−0.69 (−0.50, −0.89), p < 0.0001

Statistics reported as mean (standard error).

AUDIT-C Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption, Pre pre-index AUDIT-C score, Post post-index AUDIT-C score, Dⁿ change in AUDIT-C score, Diff-in-Diff difference-in-difference, CI confidence interval.