Fig. 3.

Network plots (n = number of studies) and forest plots for superficial surgical site infection, deep incisional surgical site infection, and intra-abdominal abscess/organ space infection

a Network plot and forest plot for superficial surgical site infection. b Network plot and forest plot for deep incisional surgical site infection. c Network plot and forest plot for intra-abdominal abscess/organ space infection. Forest plots compare different bowel preparation methods against intravenous antibiotics. SSI, surgical site infection; IAB, intravenous antibiotics; EN, enemas; MBP, mechanical bowel preparation; OAB, oral antibiotics; IAA, intra-abdominal abscess.