Table 1. Characteristics of individuals according to CACS and CAC percentiles.
| Variables | Total patients (n=625) | CACS =0 (n=313) | 0< CACS <400 (n=229) | CACS ≥400 (n=83) | p-value | CACS =0 (n=313) | CACS >0 and CAC <90th percentile (n=235) | CAC ≥90th percentile (n=77) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 55.0±7.9 | 52.3±8.6 | 57.1±6.0 | 59.4±5.4 | <0.001 | 52.3±8.6 | 58.2±5.4 | 56.3±7.2 | <0.001 |
| Male | 390 (62.4) | 148 (47.3) | 177 (77.3) | 65 (78.3) | <0.001 | 148 (47.3) | 196 (83.4) | 46 (59.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 143 (22.9) | 42 (13.4) | 61 (26.6) | 40 (48.2) | <0.001 | 42 (13.4) | 64 (27.2) | 37 (48.1) | <0.001 |
| HTN | 242 (38.7) | 94 (30.0) | 102 (44.5) | 46 (55.4) | <0.001 | 94 (30.0) | 106 (45.1) | 42 (54.5) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 205 (32.8) | 90 (28.8) | 89 (38.9) | 26 (31.3) | 0.044 | 90 (28.8) | 90 (38.8) | 25 (32.5) | 0.062 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.1±17.5 | 126.3±17.3 | 125.2±18.0 | 128.3±16.8 | 0.362 | 126.3±17.3 | 125.2±17.5 | 128.6±18.4 | 0.326 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.7±11.9 | 75.6±12.1 | 75.5±11.8 | 76.4±11.4 | 0.827 | 75.6±12.1 | 75.5±11.9 | 76.4±11.1 | 0.845 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4±3.60 | 24.7±3.94 | 24.1±3.28 | 24.0±2.91 | 0.060 | 24.7±3.94 | 24.1±3.22 | 24.0±3.08 | 0.061 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 93.7±18.1 | 97.4±16.7 | 91.2±17.5 | 86.6±21.3 | <0.001 | 97.4±16.7 | 90.7±16.3 | 87.8±24.3 | <0.001 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 114.0±44.2 | 108.3±41.4 | 114.2±37.2 | 134.9±62.7 | <0.001 | 108.3±41.4 | 116.3±39.0 | 130.0±62.5 | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 154.5±27.8 | 156.5±27.5 | 153.9±28.5 | 148.6±26.2 | 0.065 | 156.5±27.5 | 153.3±28.0 | 149.8±27.8 | 0.126 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 121.6±90.4 | 116.9±88.1 | 124.4±96.8 | 131.8±79.9 | 0.344 | 116.9±88.1 | 118.3±82.2 | 151.1±115.8 | 0.009 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46.6±15.1 | 48.7±16.1 | 45.2±13.1 | 42.8±15.2 | 0.001 | 48.7±16.1 | 45.5±13.2 | 41.7±15.0 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 94.7±23.3 | 95.4±22.8 | 94.9±24.6 | 91.3±21.2 | 0.348 | 95.4±22.8 | 94.9±24.2 | 90.9±22.3 | 0.303 |
| Apo B (mg/dL) | 85.9±18.6 | 85.0±18.1 | 87.2±19.5 | 85.3±18.2 | 0.374 | 85.0±18.1 | 86.8±19.8 | 86.5±17.3 | 0.506 |
| Apo A1 (mg/dL) | 128.2±30.1 | 131.8±29.1 | 125.9±28.9 | 121.6±34.9 | 0.008 | 131.8±29.1 | 125.7±29.1 | 121.6±34.8 | 0.008 |
| Lp(a) (mg/dL) | 20.3±24.0 | 16.2±17.2 | 24.9±29.0 | 23.4±28.1 | <0.001 | 16.2±17.2 | 25.3±29.2 | 22.0±27.5 | <0.001 |
| TG/HDL-C | 3.15±3.42 | 3.02±3.81 | 3.19±3.12 | 3.53±2.58 | 0.474 | 3.02±3.81 | 3.00±2.67 | 4.15±3.68 | 0.023 |
| AIP | 0.36±0.32 | 0.33±0.34 | 0.38±0.31 | 0.44±0.30 | 0.007 | 0.33±0.34 | 0.36±0.30 | 0.50±0.31 | <0.001 |
Data are given as mean ± standard deviation, or as number (%).
CACS, coronary artery calcium score; CAC, coronary artery calcium; HTN, hypertension; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo B, apolipoprotein B; Apo A1, apolipoprotein A1; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); AIP, atherogenic index of plasma.