Table 3.
Sum of pathologies associates with increasing age, disease duration, APOE e4 status and clinical dementia
| Groupa | Sum | n | Onset avg (years) |
t-test | Duration avg (years) |
t-test | Age avg (years) |
t-test | APOE e4 | χ2 | Clinical dementiab | χ2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unimpaired | 0–1 | 97 | – | – | – | – | 68.4 | Ref | 30% | Ref | 0% | – |
| 2–3 | 32 | – | – | – | – | 82.1 | 0.000 | 34% | 0.579 | 0% | – | |
| 4+ | 15 | – | – | – | – | 89.7 | 0.000 | 36% | 0.622 | 0% | – | |
| Clinical AD | 1–2 | 23 | 70.9 | 0.042 | 8.0 | 0.187 | 74.0 | 0.414 | 13% | 0.000 | 38% | 0.243 |
| 3–4 | 206 | 66.4 | Ref | 8.8 | Ref | 74.5 | Ref | 53% | Ref | 50% | Ref | |
| 5+ | 224 | 68.1 | 0.053 | 10.4 | 0.000 | 78.5 | 0.000 | 71% | 0.000 | 56% | 0.047 | |
| Mixed | 1–2 | 13 | 70.9 | 0.190 | 7.5 | 0.387 | 79.8 | 0.405 | 15% | 0.031 | 77% | 0.661 |
| 3–4 | 42 | 74.1 | Ref | 7.1 | Ref | 80.5 | Ref | 45% | Ref | 71% | Ref | |
| 5+ | 50 | 71.7 | 0.399 | 8.7 | 0.194 | 80.7 | 0.375 | 63% | 0.014 | 84% | 0.049 | |
| ALS | 1 | 109 | 55.8 | Ref | 4.4 | Ref | 60.2 | Ref | 20% | Ref | 17% | Ref |
| 2–3 | 42 | 63.3 | 0.000 | 5.3 | 0.140 | 68.6 | 0.000 | 26% | 0.332 | 17% | 0.896 | |
| 4+ | 20 | 71.0 | 0.000 | 4.1 | 0.372 | 75.0 | 0.000 | 47% | 0.002 | 20% | 0.762 | |
| FTD | 1 | 99 | 58.1 | Ref | 7.9 | Ref | 66.1 | Ref | 19% | Ref | 36% | Ref |
| 2–3 | 52 | 63.1 | 0.001 | 8.3 | 0.296 | 71.1 | 0.001 | 25% | 0.198 | 50% | 0.041 | |
| 4+ | 46 | 63.8 | 0.000 | 9.7 | 0.008 | 73.4 | 0.000 | 41% | 0.000 | 66% | 0.000 | |
| Clinical Tau | 1 | 60 | 63.3 | Ref | 5.9 | Ref | 69.6 | Ref | 10% | Ref | 35% | Ref |
| 2–3 | 65 | 66.6 | 0.011 | 7.2 | 0.015 | 73.9 | 0.001 | 25% | 0.000 | 46% | 0.059 | |
| 4+ | 50 | 65.7 | 0.096 | 7.6 | 0.006 | 73.5 | 0.010 | 56% | 0.000 | 70% | 0.000 | |
| Clinical LBD | 1 | 99 | 59.7 | Ref | 14.5 | Ref | 74.1 | Ref | 19% | Ref | 37% | Ref |
| 2–3 | 124 | 61.2 | 0.144 | 15.4 | 0.175 | 76.6 | 0.014 | 36% | 0.000 | 57% | 0.000 | |
| 4+ | 127 | 68.0 | 0.000 | 10.8 | 0.000 | 78.9 | 0.000 | 53% | 0.000 | 76% | 0.000 | |
| MSAc | 1 | 34 | 54.4 | Ref | 7.6 | Ref | 62.6 | Ref | 18% | Ref | 6% | Ref |
| 2–3 | 11 | 60.7 | 0.027 | 8.3 | 0.310 | 69.6 | 0.005 | 27% | 0.434 | 0% | 0.351 | |
| 4+ | 7 | 62.3 | 0.018 | 10.0 | 0.086 | 72.9 | 0.001 | 43% | 0.091 | 60% | 0.000 |
P-values less than 0.05 are given in bold.
The reference subgroup for each statistical test is indicated by Ref for each clinical cohort. For the clinical AD and Mixed groups the reference is three to four pathologies (A-B-C or A-B-C-CAA).
Clinical dementia represents the presence of dementia in all groups except for the AD and FTD groups. In these groups with 100% dementia, we analysed severe dementia as determined by a Clinical Dementia Rating of 3.
Clinical dementia data only available for n = 42 in the MSA group.