Table 2.
Comparison of obstructive sleep apnea metrics in obstructive sleep apnoea patients, and distribution of comorbid sleep disorders between patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder and patients with Recurrent Depressive Disorder. Group comparisons for categorical variables were conducted using Pearson’s χ2 tests for parametric variables and Fischer’s Exact tests for non-parametric variables, and for continuous variables, the Independent-Samples Mann–Whitney U test.
| Sleep disorders | BPAD | RDD | χ2 | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||
| OSA | 32 | 50.8 | 37 | 29.3 | 19.450 | 0.006** |
| Gender (female) | 17 | 53.1 | 17 | 45.9 | 0.354 | 0.552 |
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | U | ||
| Age (years) | 44.8 | 11.5 | 49.7 | 9.9 | 739.5 | 0.076 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.9 | 8.5 | 30.6 | 6.5 | 338.5 | 0.004* |
| ESS | 14.0 | 7 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 521.5 | 0.846 |
| AHI (e/h) | 10.0 | 12.7 | 10.7 | 7.1 | 515.5 | 0.357 |
| HI/AHI (e/h) | 0.81 | 0.25 | 0.78 | 0.27 | 538.5 | 0.520 |
| AHIREM (e/h) | 19.5 | 23.3 | 10.4 | 12.3 | 419.0 | 0.037* |
| AHIREM/AHI (e/h) | 1.67 | 2.03 | 1.44 | 1.61 | 357.0 | 0.086 |
| AHsREM/AHs (n) | 0.25 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.40 | 525.0 | 0.420 |
| HI/AHI in REM (e/h) | 0.83 | 0.52 | 0.79 | 0.48 | 548.0 | 0.596 |
| AHINREM (e/h) | 8.9 | 12.2 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 585.0 | 0.933 |
| AHINREM/AHI (e/h) | 0.85 | 0.63 | 0.94 | 0.24 | 764.5 | 0.038* |
| AHsNREM/AHs (n) | 0.71 | 0.60 | 0.81 | 0.40 | 761.0 | 0.042 |
| HI/AHI in NREM (e/h) | 0.84 | 0.24 | 0.82 | 0.36 | 535 | 0.492 |
| AHISupine (e/h) | 16.8 | 27.5 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 573.0 | 0.819 |
| AHsSupine/AHs (n) | 0.67 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.71 | 545.5 | 0.575 |
| AHINon-supine (e/h) | 5.1 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 9.2 | 570.0 | 0.791 |
| AHsNon-supine/AHs (n) | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.41 | 0.71 | 645.0 | 0.523 |
| Other sleep disorders | n | % | n | % | χ2 | |
| Insomnia | 22 | 34.9 | 20 | 15.0 | 8.816 | 0.005* |
| PLMD | 9 | 14.3 | 23 | 18.3 | 0.470 | 0.544 |
| NREM parasomnia | 5 | 7.90 | 10 | 7.90 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| RLS | 5 | 7.90 | 8 | 6.30 | – | 0.763 |
| Idiopathic hypersomnia | 4 | 6.30 | 11 | 8.70 | 0.326 | 0.777 |
| PSQ | 3 | 4.80 | 32 | 25.4 | 12.507 | 0.001* |
| Narcolepsy (I + II) | 1 | 1.60 | 5 | 4.00 | – | 0.665 |
| EFM | 1 | 1.60 | 1 | 0.80 | – | 1.000 |
| Sleep paralysis | 1 | 1.60 | 0 | 0 | – | 0.333 |
| DSPS | 0 | 1 | 0.80 | – | 1.000 | |
| Drug-induced hypersomnolence | 0 | 1 | 0.80 | – | 1.000 | |
| Catathrenia | 0 | 1 | 0.80 | – | 1.000 | |
| Bruxism | 0 | 1 | 0.80 | – | 1.000 | |
| CSA | 0 | 1 | 0.80 | – | 1.000 | |
Significant values are in bold.
%, percentage; AHs, total number of apneas and hypopneas; AHsREM, number of apneas and hypopneas during REM sleep; BPAD, bipolar affective disorder; CSA, central sleep apnea; DSPS, delayed sleep phase syndrome; EFM, excessive fragmentary myoclonus; e/h, events per hour; HI/AHI, hypopneas index to apnea and hypopneas index; n, number, NREM parasomnia, non-rapid eye movement parasomnia; NREM, non-rapid eye movement sleep; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PLMD, periodic limb movement disorder; PSQ, poor sleep quality; RDD, recurrent depressive disorder; REM, rapid eye movement sleep; RLS, restless legs syndrome.
*P < 0.05.