Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to self-reported insomnia symptoms, sleep duration and chronotype in UK Biobank (UKBB) and HUNT2
| Insomnia symptoms | Sleep duration | Chronotype | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Short | Normal | Long | Morning | Evening | ||
| UK Biobank (n = 302 456) |
AMI events/ Person-years |
4 784/ 2 583 503 |
2 049/ 964 868 |
1 794/ 844 021 |
4 365/ 2 445 890 |
674/ 258 460 |
4 206/ 2 229 937 |
2 627/ 1 318 434 |
| Model 1 | Ref. |
1.19 (1.13, 1.25) |
1.20 (1.14, 1.27) |
Ref. |
1.29 (1.19, 1.40) |
Ref. |
1.14 (1.08, 1.19) |
|
| Model 2 | Ref. |
1.11 (1.05, 1.16) |
1.09 (1.04, 1.16) |
Ref. |
1.14 (1.05, 1.24) |
Ref. |
1.08 (1.03, 1.13) |
|
| Model 3 | Ref. |
1.08 (1.03, 1.14) |
1.09 (1.03, 1.15) |
Ref. |
1.10 (1.01, 1.19) |
Ref. |
1.06 (1.01, 1.12) |
|
| HUNT2 (n = 31 091) |
AMI events/ Person-years |
2 120/ 577 219 |
420/ 76 391 |
151/ 41 306 |
1 668/ 470 344 |
721/ 141 960 |
– | – |
| Model 1 | Ref. |
1.17 (1.06, 1.30) |
1.15 (0.97, 1.35) |
Ref. |
1.05 (0.96, 1.15) |
– | – | |
| Model 2 | Ref. |
1.09 (0.98, 1.21) |
1.05 (0.89, 1.24) |
Ref. |
0.97 (0.88, 1.06) |
– | – | |
| Model 3 | Ref. |
1.08 (0.96, 1.21) |
1.09 (0.93, 1.29) |
Ref. |
0.94 (0.85, 1.03) |
– | – | |
Model 1, adjusted for age and gender
Model 2, adjusted for covariates in Model 1, along with marital status, alcohol intake frequency, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, education, Townsend deprivation index (for UKBB), ethnicity (for UKBB), shift work, and employment status
Model 3, adjusted for covariates in Model 2, along with systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, blood glucose level, time since last meal, use of sleep medication(s), depression, and anxiety