Fig. 4.

Global brain volumes mediate the association between dietary patterns adherence and full scale IQ at age 13 years. Estimates represent the standardized coefficients (95% CIs) for each pathway, adjusted for the child sex, age when brain imaging was assessed, maternal education, household income, child ethnic background, child energy intake, child BMI measured at the age of 10 years, maternal diet quality during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol use during pregnancy, folic acid use, and maternal psychopathological symptoms during pregnancy. *Denotes the estimate being statistically significant. (A) Total brain volume mediates the association between adherence to the ‘Whole grains, soft fats and dairy’ dietary pattern at age eight year and full scale IQ at age 13 years; (B) Total brain volume mediates the association between adherence to the ‘Whole grains, soft fats and dairy’ dietary pattern at age eight year and full scale IQ at age 13 years; (C) Cerebral gray matter volume mediates the association between adherence to the ‘Whole grains, soft fats and dairy’ dietary pattern at age eight year and full scale IQ at age 13 years