Table 1.
Characteristics of study population
| Study sample for dietary patterns at one year (N = 1888) |
Study sample for dietary patterns at eight years (N = 2326) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics at enrollment | ||
| Educational level (Low), N (%) | 548 (29.0%) | 758 (32.6%) |
| Household income per month, N (%) | ||
| < 1200 € | 187 (9.9%) | 221 (9.5%) |
| 1200 – 2200 € | 372 (19.7%) | 512 (22.0%) |
| > 2200 € | 1329 (70.4%) | 1593 (68.5%) |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy, N (%) | ||
| Never | 640 (33.9%) | 821 (35.3%) |
| Until pregnancy was known | 274 (14.5%) | 342 (14.7%) |
| Continued | 974 (51.6%) | 1163 (50.0%) |
| Smoking during pregnancy, N (%) | ||
| Never | 1484 (78.6%) | 1840 (79.1%) |
| Until pregnancy was known | 187 (9.9%) | 212 (9.1%) |
| Continued | 215 (11.4%) | 274 (11.8%) |
| Folic acid use, N (%) | ||
| No | 255 (13.5%) | 391 (16.8%) |
| Started the first 10 weeks | 598 (31.7%) | 730 (31.4%) |
| Started periconceptional | 1035 (54.8%) | 1205 (51.8%) |
| Psychopathological symptoms, median (IQR) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.3) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.3) |
| Diet quality scores during pregnancy, mean (SD) | 7.9 (1.5) | 7.8 (1.5) |
| Child characteristics | ||
| Age at the neuroimaging assessment, median (IQR), years | 9.9 (9.7, 10.0) | 9.9 (9.7, 10.2) |
| Sex (Girls), N (%) | 974 (51.6%) | 1179 (50.7%) |
| Ethnic background | ||
| Dutch | 1346 (71.3%) | 1568 (67.4%) |
| Non-Dutch Western | 151 (8.0%) | 223 (9.5%) |
| Non-Dutch Non-Western | 393 (20.8%) | 535 (23.0%) |
| Diet quality scores, mean (SD) | 4.3 (1.4) | 4.5 (1.2) |
IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation. Values are mean (SD) for continuous variables with a normal distribution, medians (IQR) for continuous variables with a skewed distribution, or valid numbers N (%) for categorical variables. Missing data of covariates (Supplemental Table 1) were imputed with multiple imputation (M = 5 imputations)