Table 1.

Basic descriptive statistics.

Variable	Married with spouse present		Widowhood		Mean-diff	t
	N	Mean	N	Mean
Disability risk	4,699	0.087	3,287	0.154	−0.067***	−9.282
Age	4,699	67.464	3,287	73.224	−5.760***	−37.628
Age squared	4,699	4588.698	3,287	5442.882	−854.184***	−37.463
Gender	4,699	0.647	3,287	0.837	−0.190***	−19.142
Household registration	4,699	0.244	3,287	0.202	0.042***	4.392
Years of education	4,699	5.274	3,287	3.433	1.841***	18.185
Number of chronic diseases	4,699	1.375	3,287	1.373	0.003	0.085
Whether living with children	4,699	0.499	3,287	0.646	−0.147***	−13.146
Number of children	4,699	3.384	3,287	3.963	−0.580***	−15.300
Log of personal assets	4,699	6.127	3,287	4.502	1.624***	21.062
Sleep duration	4,699	5.987	3,287	5.811	0.176***	3.496
Whether smoking	4,699	0.094	3,287	0.100	−0.006	−0.865
Personal fitness expenditure	4,699	82.866	3,287	124.051	−41.184***	−3.970
Financial support from children	4,699	2525.733	3,287	2372.522	153.211	0.995
Frequency of child contact	4,699	6.531	3,287	8.018	−1.488***	−8.173
Number of social activities	4,699	0.797	3,287	0.859	−0.062***	−2.926

*p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.