Table 4.

Disparities of gender and urban–rural areas in the effect of widowhood on the risk of disability among older adults.

	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)
	Male	Female	Rural	Urban
Widowhood	0.114***	0.030	0.040	0.120**
	(0.041)	(0.030)	(0.027)	(0.054)
Control variable	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Constant	1.042**	2.051***	1.058***	2.594***
	(0.519)	(0.432)	(0.385)	(0.788)
N	5,141	6,631	9,095	2,677
R 2	0.046	0.054	0.047	0.053

*p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.