Table 2.
Characteristics of sources of evidence according to type of document.
| Outcome (type of information) | # | Type of document | # | Study design | # | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concepts review and theories | 16 | Gray literature | 5 | Descriptive analysis/Policy paper | 5 | OECD (2014) (67); Rao and Khandelwal (2016) (60); Reinold (2017) (68); Treviño (2016) (69); World Bank and Government of Rwanda (2020) (44) |
| Peer-reviewed article | 11 | Descriptive analysis | 11 | Desai and Snavely (2007) (47); Edelstein et al. (2018) (70); Eriksen (2007) (48); Khan et al. (2020) (39); Jakab et al. (2021) (14); Lejano (2006) (71); Leovaridis and Popescu (2015) (50); Mahoui and Ferfera (2013) (72); Naimoli and Saxena (2018) (73); Verrecchia et al. (2019) (74) | ||
| Frameworks and guidelines | 21 | Gray literature | 5 | Descriptive analysis/ Policy paper | 5 | African UnionAfrica CDC (2019) (22); Cole and McGinnis (2017) (75); Lopert et al. (2017) (51); OECD (2020a) (76); Savedoff (2011) (77); World Bank (2014) (78) |
| Peer-reviewed | 16 | Qualitative study | 1 | Zaato and Ohemeng (2015) (45) | ||
| Mixed-methods study | 2 | Abdullahi et al. (2016) (79); Strielkowski et al. (2020) (80) | ||||
| Essay | 2 | Munteanu and Newcomer (2020) (81); Romanelli (2017) (82) | ||||
| Systematic review | 1 | Manoj et al. (2020) (40) | ||||
| Descriptive/ Policy analysis | 10 | Abdellatif et al. (2019) (66); Aluttis et al. (2014) (46); Bloom and Wolcott (2013) (83); Buntaine et al. (2017) (84); Clement et al. (2015) (34); Meda et al. (2016) (42); Pelling et al. (2008) (52); Rosenfeld et al. (2020) (43); Ruseva et al. (2015) (53); Taytak and Aydin (2020) (55) | ||||
| Empirical evidence | 24 | Gray literature | 5 | Descriptive analysis, report | 5 | Alam et al. (2016) (31); Barma et al. (2014) (5); Bridges and Woolcock (2019) (33); OECD (2020b) (85); Radin (2020) (9) |
| Peer-reviewed | 19 | Mixed-methods study | 1 | Essink et al. (2020) (62) | ||
| Qualitative study | 1 | Mayer et al. (2019) (58) | ||||
| Descriptive/ Policy analysis/Case study | 13 | Barzilay et al. (2018) (32); Bloom (2011) (61); De Bruyn (2019) (35); Erondu et al. (2021) (36); Gagnon and Seguin (2010) (57); González-Block (2009) (65); Hudalah et al. (2017) (63); Ihekweazu et al. (2015) (37); Johnstone et al. (2019) (38); Lejars (2008) (59); Lenz (2021) (49); Marjanovic et al. (2013) (41); Song (2009) (64) | ||||
| Cross-sectional study | 3 | Boyd (2011) (56); Portes and Smith (2019) (10); Salkic (2014) (54) | ||||
| Commentary | 1 | Binder et al. (2008) (23) | ||||
| Other | 1 | Peer reviewed | 1 | Modelling study | 1 | Grajzl and Murrell (2009) (86) |