Table 2.
Multivariable analysis of APOs risks associated with different ART regimens initiated before pregnancy or during pregnancy.
| No ART (n = 247) | ART initiation before pregnancy | ART initiation during pregnancy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LPV/r-NRTIs (n = 44) | EFV/NVP-NRTIs (n = 63) | LPV/r-NRTIs (n = 84) | EFV/NVP-NRTIs (n = 167) | AZT monotherapy (n = 29) | ||
| Total APOs, n | 20 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 22 | 1 |
| adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1 [Ref] | 6.13 (0.70–53.24) | 5.69 (0.61–52.44) | 1.47 (0.77–2.83) | 1.09 (0.64–1.85) | 0.55 (0.07–4.40) |
| p value | 0.100 | 0.125 | 0.241 | 0.759 | 0.575 | |
| LBW, n | 13 | 6 | 5 | 12 | 15 | 0 |
| adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1 [Ref] | 2.59 (1.04–6.45) | 1.58 (0.59–4.23) | 2.19 (1.03–4.67) | 1.38 (0.69–2.74) | – |
| p value | 0.041 | 0.360 | 0.041 | 0.357 | – | |
| Stillbirth, n | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1 [Ref] | 1.40 (0.16–12.26) | 2.94 (0.67–12.80) | 0.73 (0.08–6.48) | 1.48 (0.37–5.83) | – |
| p value | 0.759 | 0.151 | 0.782 | 0.576 | – | |
| PTB, n | 6 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
| adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1 [Ref] | 2.52 (0.84–7.54) | 1.92 (0.76–4.86) | 2.37 (0.86–6.54) | 0.59 (0.20–1.72) | 1.28 (0.13–12.56) |
| p value | 0.098 | 0.165 | 0.095 | 0.339 | 0.830 | |
| Early miscarriage, n | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1 [Ref] | 0.70 (0.02–26.02) | 1.62 (0.10–27.37) | 1.87 (0.18–19.16) | 1.18 (0.20–6.95) | – |
| p value | 0.850 | 0.736 | 0.595 | 0.855 | – | |
APOs, adverse pregnancy outcomes; ART, antiretroviral therapy; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine; AZT, zidovudine; OR, odds ratio; LBW, low birthweight; PTB, preterm birth.