Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of propensity-score matching cohort among no H2-blocker versus current famotidine use group, or other H2-blocker versus current famotidine use group, current famotidine use group versus past famotidine use group in patients with positive of SARS-CoV2 infection test.
| No H2-blocker vs. Current famotidine use |
SMD | Other H2-blocker use vs. Current famotidine use |
SMD | Current famotidine use vs. Past famotidine use |
SMD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No H2-blocker | Current famotidine use | Other H2-blocker use | Current famotidine use | Current famotidine use | Past famotidine use | |||
| Total | 286 | 286 | 204 | 204 | 15 | 15 | |||
| Age, years (SD) | 49.3 (±19.4) | 49.0 (±18.5) | −0.014 | 45.5 (±17.7) | 46.0 (±18.0) | 0.022 | 33.3 (±14.1) | 32.7 (±16.4) | 0.030 |
| Sex | 0.058 | 0.021 | −0.140 | ||||||
| Male | 92 (32.2) | 100 (35.0) | 62 (30.4) | 64 (31.4) | 3 (20.3) | 4 (26.7) | |||
| Female | 194 (67.8) | 186 (65.0) | 142 (69.6) | 140 (68.6) | 12 (80.0) | 11 (73.3) | |||
| Region of residence | −0.014 | −0.040 | −0.270 | ||||||
| Rural | 122 (42.7) | 124 (43.4) | 91 (44.6) | 95 (46.6) | 8 (53.3) | 6 (40.0) | |||
| Urban | 164 (57.3) | 162 (56.6) | 113 (55.4) | 109 (53.4) | 7 (46.7) | 9 (60.0) | |||
| History of diabetes mellitus | 32 (11.2) | 31 (10.8) | 0.010 | 23 (11.3) | 19 (9.3) | 0.051 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 19 (6.6) | 21 (7.3) | −0.025 | 13 (6.4) | 10 (4.9) | 0.046 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| History of cerebrovascular disease | 19 (6.6) | 21 (7.3) | −0.027 | 7 (3.4) | 9 (4.4) | −0.035 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| History of COPD | 18 (6.3) | 14 (4.9) | 0.060 | 5 (2.5) | 9 (4.4) | −0.075 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| History of asthma | 23 (8.0) | 28 (9.8) | −0.056 | 19 (9.3) | 23 (11.3) | −0.054 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| History of hypertension | 68 (23.8) | 61 (21.3) | 0.058 | 35 (17.2) | 37 (18.1) | −0.022 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| History of chronic kidney disease | 11 (3.9) | 13 (4.6) | −0.034 | 4 (2.0) | 4 (2.0) | 0.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | −0.035 | 0.007 | 0.131 | ||||||
| 0 | 188 (65.7) | 181 (63.3) | 142 (69.6) | 141 (69.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| 1 | 32 (11.2) | 41 (14.3) | 20 (9.8) | 28 (13.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| ≥2 | 66 (23.1) | 64 (22.4) | 42 (20.6) | 35 (17.2) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Previous use of systemic steroid | 95 (33.2) | 96 (33.6) | −0.008 | 89 (43.6) | 87 (42.7) | 0.020 | 5 (33.3) | 5 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Previous use of PPI | 39 (13.6) | 41 (14.3) | −0.019 | 24 (11.8) | 32 (15.7) | −0.097 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Previous use of aspirin | 9 (3.2) | 12 (4.2) | −0.047 | 9 (4.4) | 8 (3.9) | 0.020 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Previous use of metformin | 22 (7.7) | 18 (6.3) | 0.049 | 9 (4.4) | 9 (4.4) | 0.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Composite outcomesa | |||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 1.20 [0.61:2.39] | 1.00 (reference) | 2.43 [0.92:6.46] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
| Minimally adjusted ORb | 1.00 (reference) | 1.31 [0.60:2.88] | 1.00 (reference) | 2.70 [0.92:7.93] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
| Fully adjusted ORc | 1.00 (reference) | 1.30 [0.55:3.061] | 1.00 (reference) | 3.56 [1.03:12.28] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
| Oxygen therapy | |||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 1.15 [0.72:1.82] | 1.00 (reference) | 1.57 [0.81:3.05] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
| Minimally adjusted OR | 1.00 (reference) | 1.27 [0.75:2.15] | 1.00 (reference) | 1.61 [0.78:3.33] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
| Fully adjusted OR | 1.00 (reference) | 1.30 [0.74:2.28] | 1.00 (reference) | 2.09 [0.94:4.61] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
| Composite outcomesd | |||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 1.17 [0.75:1.84] | 1.00 (reference) | 1.49 [0.80:2.77] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
| Minimally adjusted OR | 1.00 (reference) | 1.29 [0.77:2.17] | 1.00 (reference) | 1.53 [0.77:3.06] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
| Fully adjusted OR | 1.00 (reference) | 1.29 [0.74:2.24] | 1.00 (reference) | 2.07 [0.96:4.47] | 1.00 (reference) | NA | |||
Data were presented as number (%).
SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SMD, standardized mean difference; SD, standard deviation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; OD, odds ratio.
An SMD <0.1 indicates no major imbalance.
Numbers in bold indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
Composite outcomes of administration of high oxygen therapy, admission of intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation or death.
Minimally adjusted: adjustment for age and sex.
Fully adjusted: adjustment for age, sex, region of residence, history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, and Charlson comorbidity index, previous use of steroid, aspirin, metformin, PPI.
Composite outcomes of admission of intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation or death.