Table 3.

Ages and etiologies of all included trials.

Studies	Case	Follow-up duration (months)	Age		Duration of obstruction (months)
			Patients	Spouses	Pregnancy	Non-pregnancy	Etiology
Matsuda et al. (9)	24	6–36	39	–	7.25 (1–15)	24.42 (17–34)	9 (37.5%) infection/epididymitis
							8 (33.3%) vasectomy/inguinal herniorrhaphy
							1 (4.2%) congenital
							6 (25%) idiopathic
Jarow et al. (10)	131	2–92	39	–	12–612		25 (19%) infection/epididymitis
							63 (48%) vasectomy
							26 (20%) congenital
							17 (13%) idiopathic
Paick et al. (11)	61	24–50	32	27	–	–	32 (52.5%) infection/epididymitis
							3 (4.9%) trauma
							26 (42.6%) idiopathic
Hibi et al. (12)	24	7–132	31	27	24–120		7 (29.17%) infection/epididymitis
							2 (8.33%) vasectomy/inguinal herniorrhaphy
							1 (4.17%) trauma
							14 (58.33%) idiopathic
Chan et al. (13)	68	1–36	40	32	18.8 (3–28)		15 (22.1%) infection/epididymitis
							34 (50%) vasectomy/inguinal herniorrhaphy
							1 (1.5%) trauma
							18 (26.4%) idiopathic
Ho et al. (14)	22	4–32	36	30	–	–	14 (63.6%) infection/epididymitis
							8 (36.4%) idiopathic
Jiang et al. (15)	51	9–52	32	29	–	–	13 (25.4%) infection/epididymitis
							3 (5.9%) vasectomy/inguinal herniorrhaphy
							35 (68.7%) idiopathic
Binsaleh et al. (16)	22	6–30	31	25	–	–	14 (63.6%) infection/epididymitis
							2 (9.1%) vasectomy/inguinal herniorrhaphy
							6 (27.3%) idiopathic
Zhao et al. (17)	39	2.5–12	31	29	36	32.4	14 (35.9%) infection/epididymitis
							25 (64.1%) idiopathic
Hong et al. (18)	62	6–12	31	–	–	–	16 (25.8%) infection/epididymitis
							46 (74.2%) idiopathic