Table 1.

Candidate genes, primer sequences, and PCR efficiency.

Symbol	Ensembl gene ID	Forward primer	Reverse primer	Amplicon size (bp)	Exon location	PCR efficiency (%)
RBM45	ENSG00000155636	CCAAGGAGTCCAAGGGCATT	CCAGATGATCGGGACTGAGC	145	Intron-flank, 1st, 2nd	100
NRF1	ENSG00000106459	GGTCGCAGTCTCCACGG	TTTGGGTCACTCCGTGTTCC	79	Intron-flank, 1st, 2nd	105
BRAP	ENSG00000089234	CGGCCGGGGAAATGTCT	TACTTCTTTGCGCAGTGGGG	231	Intron-span, 1st, 3rd	108
WDR33	ENSG00000136709	TGGGGAGTTTACCCTGTGGA	ACATATCCTCCGTGGTCTGC	135	Intron-flank, 5th, 6th	106
CNOT2	ENSG00000111596	ACTACCAGGTGACAAACAGC	TAGTCACTGTCGACCCCCTC	70	Intron-flank, 3rd, 4th	107
TIAL1	ENSG00000151923	CCCTGAGGTGGACCACATTT	AAGCGACTCCAAAATCACGC	78	Exonic, 13th	107
CIAO1	ENSG00000144021	TTGGGTCTGGGAAGTTGATGA	CTCAAGGGTGGCACAGCATA	187	Intron-span, 3rd, 6th	95
TARDBP	ENSG00000120948	TCGGGGACCTCCAAAGACTA	AACCATGCCGTTGACAAGTT	75	Exonic, 6th	105
ZNF207	ENSG00000010244	CAAAGTGGATGCCAACTGCC	CCAAAGTTGCCAGCCCTACT	117	Exonic, 11th	98
HNRNPK	ENSG00000165119	GTCTCGCGCGGCTACTG	CCCCAGCATTCTTGCTCTGA	283	Intron-span, 1th, 5th	97
UBC*	ENSG00000150991	ACGGGACTTGGGTGACTCTA	ATCGCCGAGAAGGGACTACT	82	Exonic, 1st	108
ACTB*,**,#	ENSG00000075624	GAAGATCAAGATCATTGCTCCT	TACTCCTGCTTGCTGATCCA	111	Intron-span, 5th, 6th	91.8
PUM1*,***,##	ENSG00000134644	TGCGGGAGATTGCTGGACAT	GTGTGGCACGCTCCAGTTTC	87	Intron-flank, 15th, 16th	98.4
RPN1*	ENSG00000163902	CTGACTGTGAAGATCATCCTGCC	GTCCAGATAGGTGTAGTGCAGC	105	Intron-flank, 6th, 7th	102
RPL13A*,#	ENSG00000142541	CGAGGTTGGCTGGAAGTACC	CTTCTCGGCCTGTTTCCGTAG	121	Intron-flank, 6th, 7th	103
PPIA**,#	ENSG00000196262	TCCTGGCATCTTGTCCAT	TGCTGGTCTTGCCATTCCT	179	Intron-flank, 5th, 6th	107
PGK1**,#	ENSG00000102144	GCCACTTGCTGTGCCAAATG	CCCAGGAAGGACTTTACCTT	102	Intron-span, 10th, 11th	139
IPO8***,##	ENSG00000133704	GGCATACAGTTTAACCTGCCAC	CAGGAGAGGCATCATGTCTGTAA	118	Intron-flank, 14th, 15th	92.5
HNRNPL***,##	ENSG00000104824	CCAAGGCCTCTCTCAATGGG	TTCAAGCGTGTAGGCTTTGC	82	Intron-span, 5th, 6th	97.9
SNW1***,##	ENSG00000100603	GCAGCTCCTGATAAGAGGTCG	CCGAGGATTAGGAACACCGAG	87	Intron-span, 11th, 12th	95.8
CNOT4***,##	ENSG00000080802	GTCCAAAACCTGACTGCATGTATC	GGTGTTTACCCGCCTGCAT	87	Intron-span, 7th, 8th	96.3

One to 10 candidate genes from reference (16).

*Five recommended stable reference genes for LUAD from reference (Krasnov, Kudryavtseva et al., 2019).

**Three recommended stable reference genes for lung cancer from reference (Ali, Du et al., 2015).

***Five recommended stable reference genes for human cancer and normal cell lines from reference (Racz, Nagy et al., 2021).

^#Primers from reference (Ali, Du et al., 2015).

^##Primers from reference (Racz, Nagy et al., 2021).

UBC primers from reference (Augustyniak, Lenart et al., 2019) and RPN1 primers from OriGen.