Table 5.

Associations of preconception and pregnancy family lifestyle patterns with age at adiposity rebound.

Age at adiposity rebound (days) adjusted β [95% CI]
Preconception family patterns
EDEN (N = 1,415)		Elfe (N = 649)		Gen R (N = 5,922)
“Parental smoking and low maternal diet quality”	−8.6 [−29.0; 11.7]	“Low paternal diet quality”	4.9 [−28.6; 38.4]	“High parental smoking, and low maternal diet quality”	−20.8 [−30.1; −11.6]*
“High parental BMI and low smoking”	−82.5 [−106.1; −58.9]*	“High parental BMI, maternal smoking and low paternal consumption of vegetables”	−105.5 [−139.7; −71.3]*	“High parental BMI and low smoking”	−114.7 [−126.0; −103.4]*
“High parental smoking, BMI, and high maternal diet quality”	−53.2 [−78.2; −28.1]*	“High paternal BMI, high consumption of vegetables and low maternal smoking”	−54.4 [−86.9; −22.0]*	“High parental smoking, high paternal BMI and high maternal diet quality”	−69.9 [−81.7; −58.1]*
Pregnancy family patterns
EDEN (N = 1,415)		Elfe (N = 7,767)		Gen R (N = 6,299)
“High parental smoking, low maternal diet quality and low leisure PA”	−14.3 [−35.2; 6.7]	“High parental smoking, low maternal diet quality and maternal sedentary”	−41.3 [−49.4; −33.1]*	“High parental smoking, low maternal diet quality”	−19.7 [−29.1; −10.4]*
“Low parental BMI and high GWG”	65.8 [42.8; 88.9]*	“Low parental BMI and high GWG”	52.0 [43.5; 59.8]*	“Low parental BMI, high GWG”	64.0 [53.2; 74.8]*
“Parental smoking, low GWG and low maternal work PA”	−5.6 [−31.8; 20.7]	“High maternal physical activity”	9.6 [1.6; 17.7]*
		“High GWG, sedentary and occupation PA”	−24.4 [−33.4; −15.5]*

Models are adjusted for parental age, born abroad or not, parental education, parental employment status, parity, household income and child sex. Results are presented using imputed lifestyle patterns (excepted for Elfe for the preconception period). *Significant associations p < 0.05. β values of linear regression and 95% CIs for 1 SD increase in lifestyle pattern score.