Table 2. Regional Brain Volumes With Significant Associations With Either Gestational Age or the SIMDa.
| Regional volume | Standardized β coefficient (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raw | BH corrected | ||
| Gestational age | |||
| Anterior temporal lobe lateral part left gray matter | 0.14 (0.06 to 0.23) | <.001 | .003 |
| Caudate nucleus left | 0.16 (0.07 to 0.25) | <.001 | .001 |
| Caudate nucleus right | 0.13 (0.04 to 0.22) | <.001 | .01 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | −0.11 (−0.21 to −0.005) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Cingulate gyrus posterior part right gray matter | −0.12 (−0.21 to −0.02) | .01 | .047 |
| Frontal lobe left white matter | 0.20 (0.12 to 0.28) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Frontal lobe right white matter | 0.16 (0.08 to 0.25) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Gyri parahippocampalis et ambiens anterior part left white matter | 0.16 (0.06 to 0.26) | <.001 | .001 |
| Gyri parahippocampalis et ambiens posterior part right white matter | 0.14 (0.04 to 0.24) | <.001 | .01 |
| Insula left white matter | 0.17 (0.08 to 0.26) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Insula right white matter | 0.16 (0.08 to 0.25) | <.001 | .001 |
| Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus gyrus fusiformis anterior part left white matter | 0.20 (0.12 to 0.29) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus gyrus fusiformis anterior part right gray matter | 0.15 (0.07 to 0.24) | <.001 | .001 |
| Lateral ventricle left | −0.12 (−0.23 to −0.02) | <.001 | .001 |
| Lateral ventricle right | −0.10 (−0.20 to 0.004) | <.001 | .002 |
| Medial and inferior temporal gyri anterior part left gray matter | 0.22 (0.15 to 0.29) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Medial and inferior temporal gyri anterior part right gray matter | 0.22 (0.16 to 0.29) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Medial and inferior temporal gyri posterior part left gray matter | 0.11 (0.05 to 0.18) | <.001 | .005 |
| Medial and inferior temporal gyri posterior part right gray matter | 0.14 (0.07 to 0.20) | <.001 | .001 |
| Parietal lobe right gray matter | 0.09 (0.03 to 0.15) | .001 | .01 |
| Subthalamic nucleus left | −0.13 (−0.23 to −0.03) | .003 | .03 |
| Superior temporal gyrus middle part right gray matter | 0.11 (0.0 to 0.18) | .001 | .01 |
| SIMD | |||
| Medial and inferior temporal gyri anterior part right white matter | 0.17 (−0.16 to 0.50) | .004 | .03 |
Abbreviations: BH, Benjamini Hochberg correction; SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.
a
Fully adjusted ridge regression model, including gestation at birth, SIMD, gestation at magnetic resonance imaging scan, the interaction term (when significant), birth weight z score, birth head circumference z score, sex, smoking in pregnancy, and breast milk at discharge. Corrected for false discovery rate. Results for all parcels are available in eTable 3 in Supplement 1.