Clifford 2002.

Study characteristics
Methods	A randomised controlled trial of a pharmaceutical care programme in high‐risk diabetic patients in an outpatient clinic Patient RCT, conducted in a diabetes clinic in Australia Two arms: 1) Control (control arm) and 2) PCP ‐ pharmaceutical care programme (intervention arm)
Participants	Control arm N: 25 Intervention arm N: 48 Diabetes type: type 1 and Type 2 Mean age: 60.5 ± 12.0 % Male: 55.0 Longest follow‐up: 6 months
Interventions	Control arm: None Intervention arm: 1) Case management 2) Team changes
Outcomes	1) HbA1c, mean % (SD) Control arm: pre 8.5 (1.6), post 8.1 (1.6) Intervention arm: pre 8.4 (1.4), post 8.2 (1.5)
Funding source	This study was funded by The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia, Pharmacia and Upjohn Contemporary Therapeutics Research Grant
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Information not available.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Information not available.
Patient's baseline characteristics (selection bias)	Low risk	Information not available.
Patient's baseline outcomes (selection bias)	Low risk	Information not available.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)	Unclear risk	Information not available.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) and of outcome assessors (detection bias)	Low risk	Information not available.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	They report that "hypertension, dyslipidaemia and polypharmacy were inclusion criteria that did not apply to all patients, these data were not analysed further".
Risk of contamination (other bias)	Unclear risk	The doctors were aware of the allocation and could have treated the pharmaceutical care programme (PCP) group differently. Also, not sure if the pharmacist had exposure to the control group (it is not reported).
Other bias	Unclear risk	Information not available.