Dijkstra 2005.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods |
Introduction of diabetes passports involving both patients and professionals to improve hospital outpatient diabetes care Cluster‐RCT (9 clusters with 42 providers), conducted in 9 Dutch general hospitals, the Netherlands Two arms: 1. Control (control arm) and 2. Intervention (intervention arm) |
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| Participants | Control arm N: 750 Intervention arm N: 600 Diabetes type: type 1 and type 2 Mean age: 58.0 ± 15.5 % Male: 48.0 Longest follow‐up: 12 months |
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| Interventions |
Control arm: None Intervention arm: 1) Audit and feedback 2) Clinician education 3) Facilitated relay of clinical information 4) Patient education |
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| Outcomes | 1) Retinopathy screening (eye exam), N screened (%) Control arm: pre 351 (84), post 370 (89) Intervention arm: pre 308 (88), post 330 (94) 2) Foot screening, N screened (%) Control arm: pre 145 (35), post 171 (41) Intervention arm: pre 123 (35), post 183 (52) 3a) Renal screening (creatinine), N screened (%) Control arm: pre 343 (82), post 363 (87) Intervention arm: pre 280 (80), post 298 (85) 3b) Renal screening (renal), N screened (%) Control arm: pre 329 (79), post 343 (82) Intervention arm: pre 238 (68), post 270 (77) 4) HbA1c, mean % (SD) Control arm: pre 8.0 (1.2), post 8.2 (NR) Intervention arm: pre 8.1 (1.3), post 7.8 (NR) 5) SBP, mean mmHg (SD) Control arm: pre 144.9 (21.4), post 144.7 (NR) Intervention arm: pre 143.7 (22.5), post 144.8 (NR) 6) DBP, mean mmHg (SD) Control arm: pre 78.7 (11.0), post 79.7 (NR) Intervention arm: pre 79.9 (10.4), post 79.2 (NR) |
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| Funding source | This study was supported by a grant from The Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (Grant number: 68659754527226605897) | |
| Notes | — | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Report that it was done by someone outside their department. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Provider's baseline characteristics (selection bias) | High risk | The number of beds was higher at the control hospitals and they also had more DSNs. |
| Patient's baseline characteristics (selection bias) | High risk | Table 1. No P values provided; large difference in patient numbers between groups; numbers otherwise were somewhat consistent |
| Patient's baseline outcomes (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No P values reported |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) and of outcome assessors (detection bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Risk of contamination (other bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Other bias | Low risk | Information not available. |