Goderis 2010.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods |
Start improving the quality of care for people with type 2 diabetes through a general practice support program: a cluster randomized trial Cluster‐RCT (90 clusters with 142 providers), conducted in primary care practices in Leuven, Belgium Two arms: 1. UQIP ‐ usual quality improvement programme (control arm) and 2. AQIP ‐ advanced quality improvement programme (intervention arm) |
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| Participants | Control arm N: 918 Intervention arm N: 1577 Diabetes type: type 2 Mean age: 68.0 ± 12.0 % Male: 48.3 Longest follow‐up: 18 months |
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| Interventions |
Control arm: 1) Audit and feedback 2) Clinician education 3) Patient education Intervention arm: 1) Audit and feedback 2) Team changes 3) Clinician education 4) Clinician reminders 5) Patient education 6) Promotion of self‐management |
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| Outcomes | 1) Aspirin (aspirin/clopidogrel), N users (%) Control arm: pre 349 (38), post 459 (50) Intervention arm: pre 647 (41), post 978 (62) 2) Statins, N users (%) Control arm: pre 349 (38), post 450 (49) Intervention arm: pre 647 (41), post 867 (55) 3) HbA1c, mean % (SD) Control arm: pre 7.2 (1.3), post 6.8 (NR) Intervention arm: pre 7.1 (1.3), post 6.7 (NR) 4) SBP, mean mmHg (SD) Control arm: pre 137.0 (18.0), post 134.0 (NR) Intervention arm: pre 136.0 (15.0), post 132.0 (NR) 5) DBP, mean mmHg (SD) Control arm: pre 80.0 (9.0), post 78.0 (NR) Intervention arm: pre 80.0 (9.0), post 78.0 (NR) 6) LDL, mean mg/dL (SD) Control arm: pre 111.0 (34.0), post 98.0 (NR) Intervention arm: pre 107.0 (33.0), post 93.0 (NR) 7) Smoking cessation, N smokers (%) Control arm: pre 147 (16), post 110 (12) Intervention arm: pre 221 (14), post 189 (12) |
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| Funding source | NA | |
| Notes | — | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Patient's baseline characteristics (selection bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Patient's baseline outcomes (selection bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) and of outcome assessors (detection bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Risk of contamination (other bias) | Low risk | Information not available. |
| Other bias | Low risk | Information not available. |