Polonsky 2003.

Study characteristics
Methods	Integrating medical management with diabetes self‐management training: a randomized control trial of the Diabetes Outpatient Intensive Treatment program Patient RCT, conducted in a large hospital providing in‐ and outpatient care, USA Two arms: 1. EDUPOST (control arm) and 2. DOIT ‐ Diabetes Outpatient Intensive Treatment ‐ programme (intervention arm)
Participants	Control arm N: 98 Intervention arm N: 97 Diabetes type: type 1 and type 2 Mean age: 50.9 ± 15.6 % Male: 53.9 Longest follow‐up: 6 months
Interventions	Control arm: 1) Patient education Intervention arm: 1) Case management 2) Team changes 3) Patient education 4) Promotion of self‐management
Outcomes	1) HbA1c, mean % (SD) Control arm: pre 10.6 (1.9), post 8.7 (NR) Intervention arm: pre 10.2 (1.7), post 7.9 (NR)
Funding source	This study was funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of Defense
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Information not available.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported.
Patient's baseline characteristics (selection bias)	Low risk	Text and table show no differences.
Patient's baseline outcomes (selection bias)	Low risk	Information not available.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)	High risk	30% dropouts.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) and of outcome assessors (detection bias)	Low risk	Information not available.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Information not available.
Risk of contamination (other bias)	Unclear risk	Information not available.
Other bias	Low risk	Information not available.