Smith 1987.

Study characteristics
Methods	A controlled trial to increase office visits and reduce hospitalizations of diabetic patients RCT (NA clusters and NA providers), conducted in 1) Regenstrief Health Center, the outpatient facility of Wishard Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, USA. Home visits. 2) physician and nurse. In United States of America. 2 arms: 1. Control: usual care (control arm) and 2. Intervention: appointment follow‐up (intervention arm)
Participants	Control arm N: 429 Intervention arm N: 425, NA, NA Diabetes type: 4 Mean age: 59.45 ± 6.9 % Male: 25.55 Longest follow‐up: 24 months
Interventions	Control arm: (usual care) 1) Patient education 2) Patient reminders Intervention arm: (appointment follow‐up) 1) Case management 2) Patient education 3) Promotion of self‐management 4) Patient reminders
Outcomes	Glycated haemoglobin Harms
Funding source	Supported in part by Public Health Services Research Grant P60 20542 from the National Institutes of Health and by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	After stratification, the patients were randomised to either the control or the intervention group by coin flip using a block size of 2.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported.
Patient's baseline characteristics (selection bias)	Low risk	"Intervention and control groups did not differ significantly in these characteristics either", suggesting that characteristics were not significantly different at baseline.
Patient's baseline outcomes (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"Intervention and control groups did not differ significantly in these characteristics either", suggesting that outcomes were not significantly different at baseline.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)	High risk	The number lost is 26% in each arm. The reasons are explained.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) and of outcome assessors (detection bias)	Low risk	Objective measure of HbA1c and harms.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No published protocol, but the outcomes in the methods match the ones in the results.
Risk of contamination (other bias)	Unclear risk	Intervention did not seem to be available to control group.
Other bias	Low risk	None found.