Table 2.

Summary of MMPs in experimental spinal cord injury models

MMP	Type of injury	Species	Changes in MMP	Peak	Localization	Studies
MMP-1	Contusion	Rat	Increased activity	24 h	Neurons, glia	Xu et al., 2001; Veeravalli et al., 2009
			Increased mRNA	1-21 d	Not studied
MMP-2	Contusion	Rat	Increased activity	5 d	Not studied	de Castro et al., 2000
	Contusion	Mouse		7-14 d	Astrocytes	Goussev et al., 2003; Hsu et al., 2006
	Hemisection	Rat		1 d to 4 wk	Not studied	Duchossoy et al., 2001
	Compression	Rat		3-7 d	Not studied	Yu et al., 2008
	Compression	Mouse	Increased mRNA	5 d	Not studied	Kawasaki et al., 2008
	Contusion	Mouse		5 d	Not studied	Wells et al., 2003
	Contusion	Rat		3-21 d	Neurons	Dang et al., 2008
MMP-9	Contusion	Rat	Increased activity	12-24 h	Not studied	Veeravalli et al., 2009
	Contusion	Mouse		24 h	Astrocytes, blood vessels, macrophages	Noble et al., 2002; Goussev et al., 2003
	Contusion	Rat		24 h	Neurons, glia	Xu et al., 2001
	Hemisection	Rat		24-48 h	Not studied	Duchossoy et al., 2001
	Compression	Rat		24 h	Neurotrophil, endothelial cells, neurons	Yu et al., 2008
	Compression	Mouse	Increased mRNA	24 h	Not studied	Wells et al., 2003
MMP-12	Compression	Mouse	Increased mRNA	5-14 d	Macrophages/microglia	Wells et al., 2003
	Contusion	Rat		21 d	Not studied	Veeravalli et al., 2009
MMP-3	Compression	Mouse	Increased mRNA	24 h	Not studied	Wells et al., 2003; Veeravalli et al., 2009
	Contusion	Rat		3 d	Not studied
MMP-7	Compression	Mouse		24 h
	Contusion	Rat		3 d
MMP-10	Compression	Mouse		24 h
	Contusion	Rat		3-21 d
MMP-11	Compression	Mouse		24 h
	Contusion	Rat		3 d
MMP-13	Compression	Mouse		5 d
	Contusion	Rat		3 d
MMP-14	Contusion	Rat		3 d
MMP-16				1-21 d
MMP-17				1-21 d
MMP-19				24 h
MMP-20				24 h
MMP-21				21 d
MMP-23	Compression	Mouse	Decreased mRNA	1-2 d		Wells et al., 2003
MMP-24				2-5 d
MMP-15			Decreased mRNA	1-3 d		Veeravalli et al., 2009
			Increased mRNA	7-21 d
MMP-8			Decreased mRNA	1 d
MMP-25			Increased	3-21 d

MMP: Matrix metalloprotease.