Table 2.
Overview of portal placement for each compartment and considerations during placement for arthroscopic arthrolysis.
Compartment | |||
---|---|---|---|
Posterior | Radiocapitallar | Anterior | |
Portal placement | |||
Arthroscope | Straight posterior | Posterolateral | Anteromedial |
Working portal | Posterolateral | Elbow soft spot | Anterolateral |
Access locations | |||
1 | 3 cm proximal to the olecranon tip | Radial side of the olecranon tip | Anterior and proximal to the medial epicondyle |
2 | Radial side of the olecranon tip | Elbow soft spot | Anterior and proximal to the lateral epicondyle |
Considerations | |||
1 | Avoiding triceps central band | Slightly extend elbow during insertion to prevent subcutaneous placement | Palpate medial intermuscular septum confirming proper placement |
2 | Blade insertion at 45° angle to posterior olecranon plane; penetrate capsule using curved clamp, confirmed by popping sensation and fluid outflow | Skin-only incision to prevent MABCN damage; insert trocar toward joint, while slightly lifting the forearm, while maintaining contact with the anterior humerus surface | |
3 | Insert needle from the lateral side under arthroscopic view | ||
4 | Caution at anterior capsule near the radial head to avoid PIN damage | ||
Visualization | |||
1 | Fossa olecrani | Posterolateral compartment | Coronoid fossa |
2 | Posterolateral space | Radial head | Capitellum |
3 | Olecranon tip | Proximal radioulnar joint | Radial head |
4 | Ulnohumeral joint | Anterior capsule | |
5 | Ulnar joint side | ||
6 | Coronoid process | ||
Goals | |||
1 | Fibrous tissue debridement for improving view and elbow extension | Loose body removal | Synovectomy from lateral portal |
2 | Osteophytectomy reducing posterior impingement and improving extension | Removal of fibrous tissue | Removal of osteophytes from coronoid process |
3 | Loose body removal | ||
4 | Blunt release of anterior capsule |
MABCN, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve; PIN, posterior interosseous nerve.