Table 2.
Pre- and post-programme comparison
| N | Pre Mean (SD) |
Post Mean (SD) |
Crude testa | Multilevel modelsb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES | Power (1 - β) | B (95% CI) | |||||
| Cognitive function | |||||||
| Digit span (forward) | 23 | 11.61 (1.88) | 11.30 (2.53) | 0.035 | 0.102 | -0.54 (-1.61, 0.52) | |
| Digit span (backward) | 23 | 6.26 (2.73) | 6.78 (3.34) | 0.176 | 0.431 | 0.63 (-0.37, 1.62) | |
| Physical activity | |||||||
| Walking, MET-min/week | 49 | 1885.54 (2240.53) | 1782.00 (2041.32) | 0.161 | 0.059 | 14.81 (-836.42, 866.03) | |
| MPA, MET-min/week | 49 | 305.91 (610.84) | 347.56 (698.12) | 0.002 | 0.062 | 51.62 (-229.63, 332.88) | |
| VPA, MET-min/week | 49 | 340.00 (1046.65) | 733.04 (1278.83) | 0.385* | 0.334 | 394.77 (61.00, 728.55)* | |
| MVPA, MET-min/week | 49 | 631.56 (1399.91) | 1073.04 (1632.8) | 0.251 | 0.341 | 494.41 (25.84, 962.98)* | |
| MVPA ≥ 900 MET-min/week, n (%) | 49 | 7 (14.3) | 17 (34.7) | 0.237** | 0.370 | 3.07 (1.13, 8.34)* c | |
| Wellbeing | |||||||
| SF12 PCS | 49 | 44.24 (7.55) | 44.20 (9.37) | 0.024 | 0.050 | -0.72 (-2.85, 1.42) | |
| SF12 MCS | 49 | 34.99 (13.19) | 37.32 (13.99) | 0.164 | 0.197 | 2.59 (-1.73, 6.92) | |
| Mood symptoms | |||||||
| DASS Stress | 49 | 14.42 (9.01) | 11.14 (8.9) | 0.446* | 0.750 | -3.51 (-6.17, -0.85)* | |
| DASS Depression | 49 | 12.54 (9.2) | 8.94 (9.75) | 0.417* | 0.710 | -3.90 (-6.66, -1.13)** | |
| DASS Anxiety | 49 | 11.29 (7.73) | 8.61 (7.84) | 0.409* | 0.689 | -2.83 (-4.99, -0.68)* | |
| DASS Total | 49 | 38.25 (22.73) | 28.69 (24.9) | 0.495** | 0.786 | -10.23 (-16.62, -3.84)** | |
Note. ES = Effect size; SD = Standard deviation; n = frequency; MPA = moderate intensity physical activity; VPA = vigorous intensity physical activity; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; SF-12 PCS = Short Form 12 Physical Component Score; SF-12 MCS = Short Form 12 Mental Component Score; SF-12 QoL = Short Form 12 Quality of Life Index; DASS = Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. * p < .01, * p < .05
a. Paired samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used
b. Multilevel models with participant’s subject code, employment status and baseline BMI were put into the model as random factors, while the time point was put into the model as a fixed factor
c. The statistic is the odds ratio computed