Figure 2.
Ethiopian infants and their mothers share fewer and uncharacterized microbiome species
(A) Percentage of infant microbiome species that are also shared at the strain level with their own mother (yellow) or with unrelated mothers from the same cohort (pink) in different countries. With respect to westernized infants, Ethiopian infants tend to share a more limited fraction of the intestinal species with their mothers, in concordance with the other two non-westernized cohorts. This could be due to a greater contribution of other sources, such as other family members or the environment (∗p value < 0.05). The box plots show the first and third quartiles (boxes) and the median (middle line); the whiskers extend up to 1.5× the IQR.
(B) Percentage of infant kSGBs (light blue) and uSGBs (purple) that are also shared at the strain level with their own mother. Ethiopian infants share a larger fraction of uSGBs than kSGBs with their mothers, contrary to infants from other countries, especially westernized ones (∗∗∗p value < 0.001). The box plots show the first and third quartiles (boxes) and the median (middle line); the whiskers extend up to 1.5× the IQR.
(C) SGBs shared at the strain level between infant and mother in all cohorts or in the Ethiopian, non-westernized (including Ethiopian), or westernized cohorts only. For each SGB, strain-sharing rate (red scale) is reported as the percentage of the strains found in the infant that is also found in the corresponding mother. SGB prevalence in infants of each country is also reported (blue scale). The taxonomic label reported for uSGBs specifies if the assignment is at the genus (g), family (f), or phylum (p) level.