Table 2.
Significantly altered microbial species in the skin microbiome of participants with ichthyosis subtypes compared with the control group, based on the MetaPhlAn2 databasea
| FDR |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location and species | CIE vs. control group | LI vs. control group |
EI vs. control group |
NS vs. control group |
| Scalp | ||||
| Corynebacterium bovis | 0·3664 | 0·0229 | 0·0039 | 0·0488 |
| Corynebacterium massiliense | 0·3664 | 0·2154 | 0·0039 | 0·6275 |
| Corynebacterium resistens | 0·6633 | 0·0229 | 0·5044 | NA |
| Corynebacterium striatum | 0·6986 | 0·2154 | 0·7049 | 0·0639 |
| Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum | 0·2362 | 0·7084 | 0·0285 | 0·6275 |
| Enhydrobacter aerosaccus | 0·5352 | 0·7608 | 0·1767 | 0·0488 |
| Malassezia globosa | 0·2362 | 0·0245 | 0·0285 | 0·0488 |
| Propionibacterium acnes | 0·4218 | 0·1517 | 0·1330 | 0·0488 |
| Propionibacterium granulosum | 0·6986 | 0·7084 | 0·7049 | 0·0488 |
| Pseudomonas unclassified | 0·6986 | 0·7608 | 0·5666 | 0·0488 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 0·6633 | 0·0665 | 0·7049 | 0·1029 |
| Staphylococcus caprae/capitis | 0·2362 | 0·0028 | 0·1355 | 0·6275 |
| Staphylococcus hominis | 0·1240 | 0·0952 | 0·7049 | 0·0488 |
| Staphylococcus lugdunensis | 0·0048 | 0·0229 | 0·1355 | NA |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 0·6623 | 0·7084 | 0·1355 | 0·0488 |
| Streptococcus mitis/oralis/pneumoniae | 0·6986 | 0·7084 | 0·4154 | 0·0488 |
| Veillonella unclassified | 0·6986 | 0·9847 | 0·2519 | 0·0778 |
| Upper outer arm | ||||
| Corynebacterium bovis | 0·3605 | 0·0534 | 0·0029 | 0·2616 |
| Corynebacterium massiliense | 0·3605 | 0·6989 | 0·0029 | 0·2616 |
| Corynebacterium resistens | 0·6841 | 0·0703 | 0·1013 | 0·2616 |
| Corynebacterium striatum | 0·6841 | 0·5797 | 0·7255 | 0·0568 |
| Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum | 0·6841 | 0·6989 | 0·0932 | 0·0535 |
| Halomonas stevensii | 0·6841 | 0·6989 | 0·0932 | 0·6320 |
| Malassezia globosa | 0·2309 | 0·0618 | 0·0932 | 0·2382 |
| Neisseria unclassified | 0·–2309 | 0·6989 | 0·1339 | 0·0981 |
| Propionibacterium acnes | 0·2309 | 0·0534 | 0·0392 | 0·0568 |
| Propionibacterium granulosum | 0·3605 | 0·0703 | 0·1060 | 0·2791 |
| Pseudomonas unclassified | 0·8643 | 0·7791 | 0·0932 | 0·6520 |
| Staphylococcus caprae/capitis | 0·4751 | 0·0618 | 0·1013 | 0·6320 |
| Staphylococcus pettenkoferi | 0·6841 | 0·6989 | 0·0932 | 0·6320 |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 0·6841 | 0·7379 | 0·0932 | 0·5759 |
| Stenotrophomonas unclassified | 0·4143 | 0·6989 | 0·1013 | 0·0611 |
| Upper buttock | ||||
| Arthroderma benhamiae | 0·5872 | NA | 0·0345 | NA |
| Corynebacterium bovis | 0·4023 | 0·0107 | 0·0046 | 0·1081 |
| Corynebacterium massiliense | 0·4023 | 0·0447 | 0·0046 | 0·2019 |
| Corynebacterium resistens | 0·5872 | 0·0107 | 0·1538 | 0·2019 |
| Corynebacterium striatum | 0·5872 | 0·1031 | 0·7325 | 0·0324 |
| Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum | 0·0343 | 0·7997 | 0·1657 | 0·0049 |
| Propionibacterium acnes | 0·4023 | 0·0107 | 0·0345 | 0·0049 |
| Staphylococcus caprae/capitis | 0·5563 | 0·0352 | 0·1538 | 0·1493 |
ARCI, autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis; CIE, congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma; IASI, Ichthyosis Area and Severity Index; N/A, not applicable; TEWL, transepidermal water loss.
**
P < 0·01 for unpaired t-test of all patients with ichthyosis vs. controls.