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. 2023 May 5;14(16):1477–1491. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.14891

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Breast cancer exosomes promote migration and invasion by inducing M2 macrophage polarization in breast cancer. (a) Schematic diagram of the indirect coculture system in vitro. (b) The M0 macrophages were incubated with PBS (control) or MDA‐MB‐231‐derived exosomes. After 72 h, supernatants were harvested to detect the release of IL‐10 and TNF‐α via ELISA. “M + MDA‐MB‐231 exo” refers to “macrophages treated with MDA‐MB‐231 exo”. (c) Migration and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells cocultured with macrophages treated with or without exosomes were estimated by transwell assay. Illustrative images of migrated or invasive cells are shown. Scale bar, 50 μm. Original magnification ×200. (d) The number of invaded or migrated cells on the membrane coated with or without Matrigel was counted. The Student's t‐test was adopted to analyze the statistical significance of the difference between two groups, and one‐way ANOVA test was utilized to analyze multiple groups (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).