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. 2023 Jun 1;13:8921. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36034-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Giant phages PhiKZ and PhiPA3 efficiently suppress the growth of SPA01 and SPA05-resistant bacteria and improve the efficacy of the phage cocktail. Killing profiles of phages PhiKZ (A) and PhiPA3 (B) in all SPA01 and SPA05-resistant strains (R1 to R10-SPA01 and R11 to R20-SPA05) at a MOI of 1, indicating the susceptibility of small phage-resistant strains to giant phages. EOP of phages PhiKZ and PhiPA3 in all SPA01 and SPA05-resistant strains compared to P. aeruginosa PAO1, suggesting medium to high production of giant phages in the resistant isolates (C). Survival P. aeruginosa PAO1 (CFU/ml) at 24 and 48 h in six different formulas of phage cocktails: (1) SPA01-SPA05, (2) SPA01-PhiKZ, (3) SPA01-PhiPA3, (4) SPA05-PhiKZ, (5) SPA05-PhiPA3, and (6) PhiKZ-PhiPA3 (D). The revival frequency of P. aeruginosa PAO1 at 24 and 48 h in six different formulas of phage cocktails (E). The data shown in (A-E) represent the mean ± standard deviation of at least triplicates. Statistical significance in (D-E) was calculated by two-way ANOVA. Different letters above bars show values that are significantly different (p < 0.05).