Table 2.
Dysregulated miRNAs promote angiogenesis in HCC.
| MiRNA | Source | Expression | Target gene | Mechanism | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-130b-3p | tissue | up | HOXA5 | activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway | (31) |
| miR-210 | tumor-derived exosome | up | SMAD4, STAT6 | promoting endothelial cell tubulogenesis in vitro and HCC in vivo angiogenesis | (32) |
| miR-32-5p | tissue, exosome | up | PTEN | activating PI3K/AKT pathway | (33) |
| miRNA-21 | tumor-derived exosome | up | PTEN | converting HSCs to CAFs and secreting angiogenic cytokines | (19) |
| miR-200b-3p | tumor-derived exosome | down | endothelial ERG | enhancing endothelial ERG expression | (34) |
| miR-1290 | serum-derived exosome | up | SMEK1 | alleviating SMEK1’s suppression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation | (35) |
| miR-325-3p | tissue, cell | down | CXCL17 | secreting angiogenic cytokines | (36) |
| miR-1178-3p | tissue | down | TBL1XR1 | activating PI3K/AKT pathway | (37) |
| miR-584-5p | cell, EV | up | PCK1 | activating NRF2 pathway | (38) |
HOXA5, Homeobox A5; STAT6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; ERG, erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS)-related gene; SMEK1, suppressor of MEK1; CXCL17, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17; TBL1XR1, transducin (beta)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1; PCK1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; NRF2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2.