Table 4.
Relationship between participant’s characteristics and their smoking status (quitter vs. non-quitter) at six-month follow-up (N = 759).
| Variable | Quitter, n (%) | Non-quitter, n (%) | Value of p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–24 | 23 (40.4) | 34 (59.6) | 0.250 |
| 25–44 | 136 (30.6) | 309 (69.4) | |
| 45–64 | 79 (33.2) | 159 (66.8) | |
| 65 or more | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 12 (31.6) | 26 (68.4) | 0.901 |
| Male | 234 (32.5) | 485 (67.5) | |
| Nationality | |||
| Arab | 206 (31.9) | 452 (68.8) | 0.051 |
| Non-Arab | 40 (35.7) | 59 (59.0) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 206 (31.9) | 439 (68.1) | 0.431 |
| Unmarried | 40 (35.7) | 72 (64.3) | |
| Educational level | |||
| Primary | 11 (28.9) | 27 (71.1) | 0.822 |
| Secondary | 65 (33.9) | 127 (66.1) | |
| College/ University | 170 (32.3) | 357 (67.7) | |
| Employment status | |||
| Student | 14 (38.9) | 22 (61.1) | 0.507 |
| Employed | 214 (32.6) | 442 (67.4) | |
| Unemployed/ Retired | 18 (27.7) | 47 (72.3) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) | 0.984 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 37 (31.9) | 79 (68.1) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 125 (32.2) | 263 (67.8) | |
| Obese (≥30) | 81 (33.1) | 164 (66.9) | |
| Presence of any comorbidities | |||
| Yes | 77 (32.2) | 162 (67.8) | 0.926 |
| No | 169 (32.6) | 349 (67.4) | |
| Age of starting smoking (years) | |||
| At or below the age of 18 | 89 (29.5) | 213 (70.5) | 0.010* |
| After the age of 18 | 88 (40.4) | 130 (59.6) | |
| Number of years of smoking (years) | |||
| 0–9 | 33 (33.3) | 66 (66.7) | 0.754 |
| 10–19 | 127 (33.5) | 252 (66.5) | |
| 20 or more | 86 (30.8) | 193 (69.2) | |
| Number of cigarettes smoked per daya | |||
| 1–10 | 44 (43.6) | 57 (56.4) | 0.001* |
| 11–20 | 67 (31.9) | 143 (68.1) | |
| 21–30 | 112 (34.7) | 211 (65.3) | |
| ≥31 | 23 (18.7) | 100 (81.3) | |
| Carbon monoxide concentration (ppm)a | |||
| 0–9 | 130 (49.1) | 135 (50.9) | <0.001* |
| 10–19 | 70 (26.2) | 197 (73.8) | |
| 20–29 | 25 (21.9) | 89 (78.1) | |
| 30 or more | 21 (18.9) | 90 (81.1) | |
| Used varenicline for smoking cessation | |||
| Yes | 149 (40.3) | 221 (59.7) | <0.001* |
| No | 97 (25.1) | 290 (74.9) | |
| Used NRT for smoking cessation | |||
| Yes | 127 (39.4) | 195 (60.6) | <0.001* |
| No | 119 (27.4) | 316 (72.6) | |
| Used combination of NRT and varenicline | |||
| Yes | 97 (40.2) | 144 (59.8) | 0.020* |
| No | 149 (28.9) | 367 (71.1) | |
| Medication adherence | |||
| Always | 179 (39.7) | 272 (60.3) | <0.001* |
| Not always | 67 (21.9) | 239 (78.1) | |
| Number of quit attemptsb | |||
| One attempt | 197 (36.0) | 350 (64.0) | 0.001* |
| Multiple attempts | 49 (23.7) | 158 (76.3) | |
| Expose to secondhand smoke among friendsb | |||
| Yes | 191 (29.9) | 447 (70.1) | <0.001* |
| No | 55 (46.2) | 64 (53.8) | |
| Expose to secondhand smoke at homeb | |||
| Yes | 45 (29.8) | 106 (70.2) | 0.429 |
| No | 201 (33.2) | 405 (66.8) | |
*Statistically significant, ppm, particle per million; NRT, nicotine replacement therapy; aat baseline; bsince the first visit to the smoking cessation clinic.