Table 1.
Roles of m6A enzymes in the cardiovascular system.
| Cardiovascular disease | Effector | Expression | Targeted genes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IHD | ||||
| METTL3 | Upregulation | primary miR-143; TFEB; DGCR8; Smad2/3; lncRNAH19 | (25–29) | |
| WTAP | Upregulation | ATF4 | (30) | |
| METTL4 | Upregulation | Wnt1; lncRNAH19 | (28, 31) | |
| FTO | Downregulation | SERCA2a | (32) | |
| METTL3 | Downregulation | Bax and PTEN | (33) | |
| Cardiac hypertrophy and HF | ||||
| HF | FTO | Downregulation | SERCA2A, MYH6/7, RYR2; Mhrt; FOXO1, FOXO4, ELF2,EIF5a; SMYD1, DICER1, RBM20; ERK,MDM2; Pgam2 | (13, 23, 24, 34) |
| Pathological hypertrophy | METTL3 | Upregulation | Arhgef3, Myl2; MAP3K6, MAP4K5, MAPK14; P300; miR-221/222 | (14, 35–37) |
| Physiological hypertrophy | METTL14 | Downregulation | Phlpp2 | (38) |
| Hypoxic stress myocardium | ||||
| ALKBH5 | Upregulation | WNT5A | (39) | |
| METTL3 | Upregulation | NCBP3 | (40) | |
| ADA | ||||
| FTO | Upregulation | Klf5 | (41) | |
| METTL14 | Downregulation | No mention | (42) | |
| Aortic valve calcification | ||||
| METTL3 | Upregulation | TWIST1 | (43) | |
| Myocardial inflammation and sepsis | ||||
| FTO | Downregulation | IL-6 and TNF-α | (44) | |
| Atherosclerosis | ||||
| METTL14 | Upregulation | FOXO1; Myd88 | (6, 45) | |
| METTL3 | Downregulation | EGFR | (46) | |
| Cardiomyopathy | ||||
| Hyperlipidemia-induced Cardiomyopathy | FTO | Upregulation | CD36 | (47) |
| DCM | YTHDC1 | Downregulation | Titin | (48) |
| FTO | Downregulation | Mef2a, Klf15, Bcl2l2, Cd36, and Slc25a33 | (49) | |
| Hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension | ||||
| METTL3 | Upregulation | PTEN | (50) | |
| METTL14 | Upregulation | SETD2 | (51) | |
IHD, ischemia heart disease; HF, heart failure; ADA, aortic dissecting aneurysm; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy.