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. 2023 May 19;14:1173069. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173069

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Copyright © 2023 Yamada, Kaitani, Izawa, Ando, Kamei, Uchida, Maehara, Kojima, Yamamoto, Wang, Nagamine, Maeda, Uchida, Nakano, Ohtsuka, Ogawa, Okumura, Shimizu and Kitaura

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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δ-toxin present on the non-tape-stripped skin strongly induced the translocation of OVA-loaded cDC2 from skin to draining LN in murine model. (A) Experimental design for analyzing dendritic cells in skin and axillary LNs. WT mice were epicutaneously treated or not with OVA-AF647 ± δ-toxin on the non-tape-stripped abdominal skin on days 0 and 7. Samples of skin were isolated on Day 8 and axillary LNs were isolated on Day 8 or 11. (B) The percentage of OVA-AF647-positive cells among skin cDC2 from the mice 24 h after the final treatment. (C, D), (C) Total cells and (D) AF-647-positive cDC2 in axillary LN of mice 24 h after the final treatment. (E, F) Axillary LN cells purified from the mice 96 h after the final treatment were re-stimulated with 25 μg/mL OVA for 4 days. Concentrations of (E) IL-4 and (F) IL-13 in the culture supernatants of axillary LN cells. (B–F) Data are representative of two independent experiments. Means ± SD have been plotted. **P < 0.01.