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. 2023 May 19;11:1111477. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1111477

Table 3.

Distribution of smartphone addiction and related variables.

Smartphone Disorder
Yes N = 251 No N = 861 P
Total score of EAT-26 (Mean ± SD) 10.0 ± 0.7 8.0 ± 0.2 < 0.001***
Depression and anxiety (n %) < 0.001***
Yes 118 (47.0) 278 (32.3) -
No 133 (53.0) 583 (67.7) -
Basic information of smartphone use
Smartphone addiction (Self report) (n %) < 0.001***
Yes 199 (79.3) 390 (45.3) -
No 52 (20.7) 471(54.7) -
Time to use smartphone weekday (h/day) (Mean ± SD) 6.0 ± 0.2 5.3 ± 0.1 < 0.001***
Time to use smartphone weekend (h/day) (Mean ± SD) 7.4 ± 0.2 6.5 ± 0.1 < 0.001***
Time to stay on the internet (h/day) (Mean ± SD) 5.3 ± 0.2 4.6 ± 0.1 < 0.001***
Eating habits
Taste preferences (n %) 0.857
No 83 (33.1) 406 (47.2) -
Yes 168 (66.9) 455(52.8) -
Sour 20 48 -
sweet 28 85 -
spicy 106 (42.2) 290 (33.7) 0.883
salty 14 32 -
Skip breakfast (n %) < 0.001***
Yes 133 (53.0) 316 (36.7) -
No 118 (47.0) 545 (63.3) -
Number of main meals (times/day) (Mean ± SD) 2.5 ± 0.1 2.5 ± 0.0 0.554
Frequency of fast-food (times/week) (Mean ± SD) 2.1 ± 0.1 1.9 ± 0.0 0.047*
Frequency of late-night snacks (times/month) (Mean ± SD) 3.0 ± 0.1 2.9 ± 0.0 0.083
Frequency of carbonated soft drink (times/day) (Mean ± SD) 1.5 ± 0.0 1.3 ± 0.0 < 0.01**
Physical activity and sleep habits
Sleep duration (h/day) (Mean ± SD) 7.1 ± 0.1 7.2 ± 0.0 0.209
Frequency of physical activity(day/week) (Mean ± SD) 2.9 ± 0.1 2.9 ± 0.0 0.822
Difficulty in falling asleep at night (n %) < 0.001***
Yes 89 (35.5) 164 (19.0) -
No 162 (64.5) 697 (81.0) -

EAT-26: The Eating Attitudes Test-26. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001. Mann–Whitney U-test and chi-square test analyses.