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. 2023 May 19;10:1176781. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176781

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Copyright © 2023 Touni, Shivde, Echuri, Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Wahab, Kundu and Le Poole.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Keratinocytes can help induce anti-melanocyte immune responses. Keratinocytes can activate dermal dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4 T cells by presenting processed melanosomal antigens in the context of MHC II, supported by surrounding HSP70. Activated CD4 T cells secrete IFN-γ. Upon receptor binding, this leads to signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) phosphorylation by Janus Kinases (JAKs) and release of CXCL chemokines 9–11 and of IL-15. Said chemokines help recruit T cells to eradicate melanocytes. IL-15 specifically supports the generation of tissue-resident memory T cells (T_RM) within the lesional skin.