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. 2023 May 19;11:1190879. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190879

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Copyright © 2023 Mohite, Shah, Singh, Rajput, Munde, Ade, Prajapati, Paliwal, Mori and Dudhrejiya.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Thermogram (DSC) of unmodified chitosan (C), grafted chitosan phthalate (CP), grafted chitosan phenylsuccinate (CPS), and their ionotropic/covalent corresponding nanoparticles. Chitosan showed typical polysaccharide thermal traits characterized with two bands. The first is an endothermic wide band that extends from 40°C to 100°C, corresponding to polymeric dehydration. The second thermal event is an exothermic band extending from 280°C to 320°C, corresponding to polymeric degradation. CL C showed a shallow exothermic band extending from 220°C to 274°C, attributed to thermally mediated amide-forming reactions linking phenylsuccinic acid moieties and the adjacent C amine group in the modified CP. Moreover, probed ionotropic nanoparticles demonstrated intriguing exothermic peaks, resulting from certain heating-induced exothermic incidents within nanoparticles within the matrix. Adapted with permission from Saeed et al. (2020) under CC BY version 4.0.